C9:CrudeOilAndFuels Flashcards
what is crude oil a mixture of
many different compounds
what are the compounds in crude oil called
hydrocarbons
what atoms do hydrocarbons contain
hydrogen and carbon
what type of hydrocarbons are alkanes
saturated
what does a saturated hydrocarbon mean
that they contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in their molecules
the general formula of an alkane
CnH2n+2
how is crude oil separated
fractional distillation
what do the properties of each fraction depend on
the size of the molecules in it
what type of fraction makes better fuels
lighter fractions
why do lighter fractions make better fuels
ignite more easily, burn well, burn with cleaner flame
what happens when hydrocarbons are burned in plenty of air/oxygen
carbon and hydrogen are completely oxidised
products of complete combustion
carbon dioxide and water
carbon dioxide test
carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
water test
water turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink/ white anhydrous copper sulfate blue
product of incomplete combustion
carbon monoxide
how can large hydrocarbon molecules be broken into smaller molecules
by passing vapours over a hot catalyst or by mixing them with steam and heating them to a very high temperature
what does cracking produce
saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons
what are saturated hydrocarbons used for
fuels
what are unsaturated hydrocarbons called
alkenes
what type of bonds do alkanes have
single covalent bonds
whay type of bonds do alkenes have
carbon to carbon double bonds
alkene test
alkenes react with orange bromine water, turning it colourless
