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Chemistry Paper 2 > C12:ChemicalAnalysis > Flashcards

C12:ChemicalAnalysis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a pure substance

A

a substance that is made up of just one substance, that substance can be either an element or a compound

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2
Q

what is an impure substance

A

a mixture of two or more different elements or compounds

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3
Q

what is used to identify pure elements and compounds

A

melting and boiling points

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4
Q

what type of boiling points do pure substances have

A

specific boiling point

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5
Q

what type of boiling points do

A

boil over a range of temperatures

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6
Q

what are formulations

A

useful mixtures

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7
Q

what are formulations designed for

A

to give a product the best possible properties to carry out its function

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8
Q

how can scientists determine unknown substances in a solution

A

paper chromatography

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9
Q

rf equation

A

substance/solvent

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10
Q

hydrogen test

A

squeaky pop when you apply a lighted splint

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11
Q

oxygen gas test

A

relights a glowing splint

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12
Q

carbon dioxide test

A

turns limewater cloudy

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13
Q

chlorine gas test

A

bleaches damp blue litmus paper white

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14
Q

Li+ in flame lithium

A

crimson

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15
Q

Na+ in flame sodium

A

yellow

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16
Q

K+ in flame potassium

A

lilac

17
Q

Ca2+ in flame calcium

A

orange-red

18
Q

Cu2+ in flame copper

A

green

19
Q

what colour precipitate is formed with aluminium, calcium and magnesium ions form in a sodium hydroxide solution

A

white

20
Q

copper 2 ions with sodium hydroxide

A

blue precipitate

21
Q

iron 2 ions with sodium hydroxide

A

green precipitate

22
Q

iron 3 ions with sodium hydroxide

A

brown precipitate

23
Q

what do you do to test for a halide ion

A

add dilute nitric acid before the silver nitrate

24
Q

iodide ions with nitric acid and silver nitrate

A

yellow precipitate

25
Q

bromide ions with nitric acid and silver nitrate

A

cream precipitate

26
Q

chloride ions with nitric acid and silver nitrate

A

white precipitate

27
Q

how to identify carbonates

A

add limewater, it will turn cloudy

28
Q

how to identify sulfates

A

adding hydrochloric acid then barium chloride solution, this produces a white precipitate of barium sulfate

29
Q

what do modern instrumental techniques provide

A

fast, accurate and sensitive ways of analysing chemical substances

30
Q

example of an instrumental method

A

flame emission spectroscopy

31
Q

what does flame emission spectroscopy show us

A

which metal ions are present from their character line spectra, and also the concentration of a metal ions in a a solution

Chemistry Paper 2 (9 decks)

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