C10:OrganicReactions Flashcards
general alkene formula
CnC2n
what does complete combustion of an alkene form
carbon dioxide and water
how do alkenes react with halogens, hydrogen and water
by adding atoms across the C=C bond, forming a saturated molecule
alcohol functional group
-OH
name 3 homologous series’
alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters
carboxylic acid functional group
-COOH
ester functional group
-COO-
what are alcohols used for
solvents, fuels
what alcohol is used in alcoholic drinks
ethanol
give the first 4 alcohols
methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
give the first 4 carboxylic acids
methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid
give the first 4 alkenes
ethene, propene, butene, pentene
give the first 4 alkanes
methane, ethane, propane, butane
what are the products when alcohols burn in air
carbon dioxide and water
what are the products when alcohols react with sodium metal
a solution of sodium alkoxide and hydrogen gas is given off
when ethanol is oxidised what is formed
ethanoic acid
what is the main acid in vinegar
ethanoic acid
how can ethanol be oxidised
by chemical oxidising agents or by the action of microbes in the air
what ph do solutions of carboxylic acids have
less than 7
what do carbonates do when added to carboxylic acids
gently fizz and release carbon dioxide gas
are carboxylic acids weak or strong
weak
aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids have a higher ph than what
solutions of strong acids of the same concentration
how are esters made
reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst
what are esters used for
flavourings and perfume
characteristics of an ester
volatile and fragrant compounds
