C9 Flashcards
a substance recognized by the immune system, whether by the B cell or the T cell, that serves as the target of the immune response but may not necessarily lead to an immune response.
Antigen
the structure in the antigen that is recognized by the B cell or the T cell.
Epitope
a substance that is of low molecular weight that can only induce an immune response if bound to another substance that is already immunogenic (carrier molecule).
Hapten
any substance capable of inducing an immune response, whether humoral or cell-mediated or both.
Immunogen
the study of the immune system and the immune response.
Immunology
is composed of molecular and cellular components that are derived from the central (primary) and peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs.
Immune system
are the primary sites for differentiation and maturation of the important cells that play an important role in adaptive immunity, which are the T lymphocytes (or T cells) and the B lymphocytes (or B cells)
Central lymphoid organs
consist of the lymph nodes, spleen, and the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), which include the tonsils, adenoids, Peyer’s patches in the ileum, and the appendix.
Peripheral lymphoid organs
play a major role in acute inflammation as well as in bacterial infections.
Neutrophils
are the predominant inflammatory cells in viral infections
Lymphocytes
possess eosinophilic granules that play a role in type I hypersensitivity reaction or allergy.
Eiosinophils
eosinophils also secrete a substance called
Major basic protein
are membrane-bound cell fragments that are derived from large cells called megakaryocytes.
Platelets
is also known as natural immunity. This immunity is already active from the time of birth, prior to exposure to an antigen.
Innate Community
it is activated after exposure to a particular antigen, It involves production of antibodies by the B cells and activation of the cytotoxic T cells.
Adaptive community
a monomer and the predominant antibody in the secondary immune response (anamnestic response) and is a major defense against bacteria and viruses.
IgG
the largest among the immunoglobulins and is a pentamer. It has a J chain joining chain) that holds the IgM pentamer together. It is the main immunoglobulin produced early in the primary response and is the predominant antibody in acute infections
IgM
called the secretory immunoglobulin and is the main immunoglobulin in secretions such as colostrum, saliva, and tears, as well as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract secretions.
IgA
a monomer that has no known antibody function. It is found on the surface of many B cells and serves as the surface marker for B cells but may also function as an antigen receptor. It is present in small amounts in serum (approximately 1%).
IgD
also called the reaginic antibody. It is medically important for two reasons: (a) it mediates immediate or anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction, and (b) it provides defense against parasites such as helminths or worms.
IgE
involves the administration of purified antibody in preparations called immune globulins or antibody-containing serum. It is given for rapid, temporary protection (usually 3-4 months) or treatment of a person (e.g., in the treatment of rabies).
Passive Immunization
involves the injection of vaccines prepared from organisms or their products.
Active immunizatiin
in general refer to vaccines derived from bacterial sources
Killed vaccines
are derived from viruses.
Inactivated vaccine
