C10 Flashcards
presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteremia
a form of symbiosis in which one organism benefits from another organism without causing harm to it.
Commensalism
presence of unwanted materials (chemical, biological, or radiological) where they should not be or at concentrations above the normal. The presence of these substances may not necessarily lead to harm.
Contamination
result of an undesirable relationship between the host and the pathogen, marked by interruption in the normal functioning of a body part or parts.
Disease
invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms. The term is not synonymous with disease.
Infection
a form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from the relationship.
Mutualism
a form of symbiosis where one organism benefits from another organism and at the same time causes harm to the other.
Paratism
ability of an organism to produce disease. An organism that can produce disease in humans is said to be pathogenic.
Pathogenecity
presence of contaminants that can cause adverse biological effects to humans and communities.
Pollutions
presence of pus-producing bacteria in the bloodstream.
Pyemia
presence of actively multiplying bacteria in the blood, usually from a source of infection. The condition is called sepsis.
Septicemia
prolonged and close interaction between organisms of different species.
Symbiosis
presence of toxins in the blood.
Toximia
presence of viruses in the blood.
an organism can produce disease.
Viremia
describes the degree of pathogenicity
Virulence
If a disease has a worldwide occurrence or involves at least three regions in the world, it is said to be a
Pandemic
If a great number of people in a given locality develop an infectious disease in a relatively short period of time, it is called an
Epidemic
is one in which the invading organisms are limited to a relatively small area of the body.
Localized infection
is an acute infection that causes the initial illness, while a secondary infection is caused by opportunistic pathogens after the primary infection has weakened the body’s defenses.
Primary infection
are common in patients whose immune system have been compromised by another disease process (e.g., AIDS) and can prove to be more devastating than the primary infection.
Secondary infection
the time interval between entry of the offending agent and the appearance of the initial signs and symptoms of the disease. In most cases, this period is variable and is usually stated in the form of a range (e.g., 6-12 days).
Incubation period
a relatively short period, is characterized by early, mild symptoms of disease which are generally nonspecific.
Padromal period
corresponds to the period of maximal invasion. It is during this period that the disease is most acute. During this period, the patient manifests signs and symptoms distinctive of the disease.
Period of illness
A disease that is spread from one host to another, either directly or indirectly, is called a
Ex. Examples are measles, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever.
A communicable disease
If the disease is easily and rapidly transmitted from one person to another, then it is classified as a contagious
Contagious disease
If the infection results in the death of the patient over a short period of time, it is called a
Fulminant infection
A disease that occurs occasionally is called a
Sporadic disease
If the disease is constantly present in a population at low levels, then it is called an
Endemic disease
