c8 Flashcards
are substances produced from microorganisms or synthetically that are capable of inhibiting or destroying microorganisms even at low concentrations. Natural sources include fungi and bacteria
antibiotics or antimicrobials
is a first-line drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis that specifically inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis.
rifampicin
are those with a wide coverage of activity against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, while narrow spectrum antibiotics are those with a limited coverage of activity, effective only against a limited number of microorganisms.
Broad spectrum antibiotics
these agents act by inhibiting the conversion of immature peptidoglycan to mature peptidoglycan by directly inhibiting bacterial transpeptidases.
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
is a stable genetic property that is encoded in the chromosome of the organism and shared by all strains of the species.
Intrinsic resistance
is resistance arising from the ability of an organism to resist an antimicrobial drug to which the species, as a whole, is naturally susceptible. It is not normally encoded in the chromosome of the organism but developed in the course of time due to constant exposure to the antimicrobial agent involved.
acquired resistance
is the simplest and the earliest form of genetic exchange studied, wherein naked or free microbial DNA inserts itself into the DNA of the same species.
transformation
is the transfer of genetic material by a bacteriophage
transduction
is the transfer of genetic material through the sex pilus. In conjugation, what is transferred to another bacterium is an extrachromosomal DNA called plasmid which carries the resistance gene
conjugation
is a recently discovered mechanism of antimicrobial resistance. It involves bacteria producing proteins that are similar in structure to the target sites of the antibiotics.
target mimicry
