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GCSE Chemistry - Paper 2 > C8 - Rates of Reaction > Flashcards

C8 - Rates of Reaction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general equation for reversible reactions?

A

A + B ⇌ C + D

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2
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for the Haber process?

A

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

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3
Q

What is 2NH3?

A

ammonia

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4
Q

What can we uses ammonia for?

A

nitrogen based fertilisers

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5
Q

What is a source of nitrogen?

A

can be extracted from air

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6
Q

What is a source of hydrogen?

A

produced by reacting methane with steam

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7
Q

How is ammonia formed?

A

Purified nitrogen & hydrogen passed over iron catalyst at around 450° & 200 ATM pressure

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8
Q

How can we increase the yield of ammonia?

A

cool it down & convert to a liquid which is removed

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9
Q

What happens to the mixture of unreacted gases (hydrogen & nitrogen) ?

A

recycled back over catalyst

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10
Q

What is the symbol indicating a reversible reaction?

A

⇌

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11
Q

What happens if you heat hydrated copper sulfate (blue) ?

A

reacts & forms anhydrous copper sulfate (white) & produces water

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12
Q

What happens if a reversible reaction happens in a closed system? What is this called?

A

causes the forwards & backwards reactions to happen at exactly the same rate = dynamic equilibrium

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13
Q

What is the equation for rates of reaction?

A

chnge in reactnt (or prdct)/ time

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14
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s principle?

A

position equillbrm. will shift to oppose external changes

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15
Q

What is the effect of increasing the concentration of reactants on a reaction at dynamic equillibrium?

A

favours forwards reaction

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16
Q

What is the effect of decreasing the concentration of products on a reaction at dynamic equillibrium?

A

favours forwards reaction

17
Q

What is the effect of increasing pressure on a reaction at dynamic equillibrium?

A

favours reaction that leads to fewst. molecules

18
Q

What is the effect of decreasing pressure on a reaction at dynamic equillibrium?

A

favours reaction that leads to mst molecules

19
Q

What is the effect of increasing temperature on a reaction at dynamic equillibrium?

A

favours endo. reaction

20
Q

What is effect of decreasing temperature on a reaction at dynamic equillibrium?

A

favours exo. reaction

21
Q

What 2 things must particles have to react?

A

actvtn enrgy & collisions

22
Q

If you increase the temperature of a reaction, how does it affect the RoR?

A
  • ↑ RoR
  • particles gain thrml enrgy
  • more particles have actvtn enrgy
  • move faster & have more frqunt cllsns
23
Q

If you increase the concentration, how does it affect the RoR?

A
  • ↑ RoR
  • more particles there are in crtn volume = more frquntly particles will collide
24
Q

If you increase the surface area, how does it affect the RoR?

A
  • ↑ RoR
  • more reactant particles are exposed = more frqunt collisions
25
Q

How do catalysts affect RoR?

A
  • ↑ RoR
  • reduces actvtn enrgy
  • finds altnrtv pthwy for reaction to take requiring less enrgy
26
Q

If you increase the pressure, how does this affect the RoR?

A
  • ↑ RoR
  • more GAS particles in certain volume = more frquntly GAS particles will collide

GCSE Chemistry - Paper 2 (9 decks)

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