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gcse chemistry - paper 2 > C10 - Organic Reactions > Flashcards

C10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Define homologous series.

A

family of compounds whose successive members differ by CH2

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2
Q

Define functional group.

A

part of molecule that is largely responsible for chemical properties

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3
Q

What type of hydrocarbon does not have a functional group?

A

alkanes

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4
Q

What happens when an alkene reacts with hydrogen?

A

forms alkane

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5
Q

What is needed when an alkene reacts with hydrogen?

A

temp 150°C & nickel ctlyst

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6
Q

What happened when an alkene reacts with steam?

A

forms alcohol

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7
Q

What is needed for an alkene to react with steam?

A
  • 300°C
  • 70 ATM
  • phosphoric acid (ctlyst)
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8
Q

What happened to unreacted reactants in the hydration of an alkene? Why?

A

rvsbl rctn - pssd bck thrgh ctylst

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9
Q

What happens when alkenes react with halogens?

A
  • 2 halogene atoms frm halogen molecule added acrss double carbon bnd
  • dble carbon bnd trnd -> sngle crbn bnd
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10
Q

What is formed when ethene reacts with bromine?

A

dibromoethane

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11
Q

What is formed when propene reacts with iodine?

A

diidopropane

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12
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

OH

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13
Q

What are the first 4 alcohols called?

A

methanol
ethanol
propanol
butanol

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14
Q

What alcohol is mostly used in alcoholic drinks?

A

ethanol

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15
Q

When an alcohol reacts with sodium what is released?

A

hydrogen

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16
Q

When an alcohol reacts with sodium, what is the product called? What will the product form if added to water?

A

alkoxide - strong alkaline solution

17
Q

What is formed when an alcohol reacts with an oxidising agent?

A

carboxylic acid

18
Q

What is formed when alcohols combust?

A

CO2 + H2O

19
Q

What happens to alcohols when they are added to water?

A

dissolve

20
Q

Name 2 ways to produce ethanol.

A
  • hydration of ethene
  • fermentation of glucose
21
Q

What is the equation for the hydration of ethene?

A

ethene + steam ⇌ ethanol

22
Q

What should the pressure & temperature be for the hydration of ethene?

A

300°C & 70 ATM

23
Q

What is the catalyst used in the hydration of ethene?

A

phosphoric acid

24
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

25
Q

What forms when you react ethanol + sodium?

A

sodium ethanoate + hydrogen

26
Q

What is formed when you react a carboxylic acid with a metal carbonate?

A

salt, CO2 & H2O

27
Q

What is the general equation for esters?

A

carboxylic aicd + alcohol ⇌ ester + water

28
Q

When carboxylic acids react with alcohols what catalyst do they require?

A

sulfuric acid

29
Q

What happens when carboxylic acids are added to water?

A

prtlly ionised -> form weakly acids solutions

30
Q

Which carboxylic acid is in vinegar?

A

ethanoic acid

gcse chemistry - paper 2 (9 decks)

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