Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IGCSE Chemistry > C8 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

C8 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are FUELS?

A

react with O2 + release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

word equation for COMBUSTION

A

fuel + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of reaction is combustion?

A

exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of FOSSIL FUEL

A

coal, natural gas, crude oil, petroleum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

as molecules get LARGER, what happens to BP? why?

A 
BP increase
(more atoms → stronger intermolecular force → more energy needed to break the bonds)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

as molecules get LARGER, what happens to VISCOSITY and VOLATILITY?

A

viscosity: increase
volatility: decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION of crude oil work?

A

crude oil is a MIXTURE of hydrocarbon molecules with DIFFERENT BP → CONDENSE AT DIFFERENT TEMP.

  • less C atom → low BP → evaporate, rise, condense at top (lower temp) → collected
  • more C atom → high BP → condense at bottom (higher temp) → collected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

after the fractional distillation of crude oil, how can each section be used?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define hydrocarbon

A

contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does combustion of hydrocarbon produce?

A

CO2 + H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

general formula for ALKANE

A

C(n) H(2n+2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

general formula for ALKENE

A

C(n) H(2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

general formula for ALCOHOL

A

C(n) H(2n+1) OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

difference between ALKANE and ALKENE

in terms of bond and property

A

ALKANE: only single covalent bond → saturated → unreactive

ALKENE: one C=C double bond + single covalent bond → unsaturated → reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

uses of ALKANE

A

fuel (burn in air)

produce alkene by cracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

uses of ALKENE

A

fuel

making plastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what test do you carry out to distinguish alkane and alkene?

A

ALKENE decolorizes bromine water

it’s more reactive so it reacts with bromine

18
Q

what is the formula for METHANE and ETHANE ?

how do their molecular structures look like?

A

methane: CH4
ethane: C2H6
check drawing on notes:)

19
Q

what is the formula for ETHENE ? how does its molecular structure look like?

A

ethene: C2H4

check drawing on notes:)

20
Q

what is the formula for METHANOL ? how does its molecular structure look like?

A

CH3OH

check drawing on notes:)

21
Q

what is CRACKING?

A

breaking up larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones (e.g. alkane → alkene)

22
Q

describe the process of CRACKING EXPERIMENT

A
23
Q

what are the properties and uses of shorter & longer chains of hydrocarbon?

A

short: burn more easily+completely → fuel
long: can be used under high temp. → lubricate machinery

24
Q

use of GASOLINE and DIESEL

A

fuel in cars

25
Q

use of NAPHTHA

A

making chemicals

26
Q

use of BITUMEN

A

road surfaces

27
Q

how can ethanol be manufactured?

A
  1. fermentation

2. addition of steam (H2O) to ethene

28
Q

properties and uses of ETHANOL

A

dissolves grease → solvent

burns easily → fuel

29
Q

define POLYMERS

A

long chain molecules made up of many REPEATING units of MONOMERS

30
Q

what are the differences between ADDITION POLYMERIZATION and CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION？

A

ADDITION:
SAME TYPE of monomer join together to make polymer, no other substance is produced

CONDENSATION:
2 DIFFERENT TYPES of monomers join together to make polymer, WATER is produced

31
Q

uses of POLYETHENE

A

carrier bags, containers, plastic bottles, etc.

32
Q

describe how you MAKE NYLON

A

1) pour solution B into solution A
2) hard polymer forms at the boundary between solutions
3) tweezers pick up polymer, pull onto a glass rod, turn rod to wind up the nylon

33
Q

MAKING NYLON:

why does nylon form at the boundary between the two layers?

A

the two reactants don’t mix

34
Q

MAKING NYLON:

what does the nylon look like? its properties?

A

strong, stretchy, transparent

35
Q

MAKING NYLON:

why does the nylon thread stop forming after a while?

A

one of reactants used up so reaction stops

36
Q

describe how you MAKE UREA FORMALDEHYDE

A

1) add methanol solution, stir to dissolve urea
2) add dilute sulfuric acid (catalyst), stir
3) solution becomes thick and white

37
Q

draw the product of addition reaction of HALOGEN to alkene

A
38
Q

draw the product of addition reaction of HYDROGEN to alkene

A
39
Q

draw the product of addition reaction of WATER to alkene

A
40
Q

diagram of ADDITION polymerization

A
41
Q

diagram of CONDENSATION polymerization (eg.nylon)

A

IGCSE Chemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions