C7 Metals

Question 1

what is METALLIC BONDING?

Answer 1

lattice of cations

in a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 2

properties of METALS?

Answer 2

good conductor of heat and electricity
high m/b point
malleable and ductile

Question 3

why do metals conduct heat and electricity?

Answer 3

delocalized electrons

Question 4

why do metals have high m/b points?

Answer 4

strong force of attraction between metal ions and delocalized electrons
→ more energy needed to break the bonds

Question 5

why are metals malleable and ductile?

Answer 5

LAYERS OF ION in lattice structure SLIDE PAST one another due to delocalized electrons

Question 6

properties of TRANSITION METALS?

Answer 6

high density
high melting point
form colored compounds

Question 7

why do transition metals have high melting points?

Answer 7

each atom is bonded to electrons
each ion is bonded to other ions
→ more energy to break the bonds

Question 8

what are transition metals often used as?

Answer 8

catalysts

e.g. Fe in haber process to make NH3

Question 9

what are ALLOYS?

Answer 9

mixtures of metals

Question 10

why do alloys have different properties from the metals they contain?
what are the different properties?

Answer 10

• difference atoms distort regular lattice structure
• harder for layers to slide past one another
  → stronger, less flexible

Question 11

properties and uses of ALUMINUM?

Answer 11

resistant to corrosion + strong + light → aircraft

conduct heat + non-toxic → saucepan

Question 12

properties and uses of ZINC?

Answer 12

cheap, reactive → coating iron (galvinizing)

Question 13

properties and uses of COPPER?

Answer 13

conduct electricity → electrical wires

Question 14

properties and uses of BRONZE?

Answer 14

doesn’t corrode → medals

Question 15

properties and uses of BRASS?

Answer 15

doesn’t corrode → music instruments

Question 16

composition, properties and uses of STEEL?

Answer 16

Fe+C

very hard → cutting tool

Question 17

properties and uses of MILD STEEL

Answer 17

easily shaped → car body

Question 18

properties and uses of DURIRON?

Answer 18

not affected by acid → pipes in chemical factories

Question 19

properties and uses of STAINLESS STEEL?

Answer 19

doesn’t rust → car parts, cutlery

Question 20

what is REDOX reaction?

Answer 20

loss/gain of electrons (oxidation, reduction)

Question 21

an element is oxidized when it

… electrons?

Answer 21

loses electrons

OIL - Oxidation Is Loss of electrons

Question 22

an element is reduced when it

… electrons?

Answer 22

gains electrons

RIG - Reduction Is Gain of electrons

Question 23

what can more reactive metals do to less reactive metals?

Answer 23

DISPLACE them from their salt solution

Question 24

write the
1. SYMBOL EQUATION
2. HALF EQUATION
for copper reacting w/ silver nitrate

Answer 24

Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)

Cu(s) → Cu2+ (aq) + 2eˉ

Ag+ (aq)+ 1eˉ →Ag(s)

Question 25

in REDOX rxn, more reactive metals are ...?

Answer 25

oxidized // reducing agent

Question 26

in REDOX rxn, less reactive metals are ...?

Answer 26

reduced // oxidizig agent

Question 27

the reactivity series?

Answer 27

``` Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminum (Carbon) Zinc Iron Tin Lead (Hydrogen) Copper Silver Gold ```

Question 28

metals more reactive than what element can react with cold water+steam+acid?

Answer 28

calcium

Question 29

metals more reactive than what element can react with steam+acid but not cold water?

Answer 29

hydrogen

Question 30

how are the most reactive metals extracted? what is the disadvantage of it?

Answer 30

electrolysis | expensive and takes up lots of energy

Question 31

how are metals less reactive than carbon extracted?

Answer 31

heat their oxides with carbon → REDUCED by carbon

Question 32

how are the least reactive metals extracted?

Answer 32

they are found as pure elements

Question 33

mixtures from which metals can be extracted are called?

Answer 33

ores

Question 34

why do ores need to be recycled? | what are good+bad sides of recycling?

Answer 34

they are finite resources - less landfill - expensive

Question 35

how is iron extracted?

Answer 35

blast furnace

Question 36

describe the process of IRON EXTRACTION in BLAST FURNACE | equations

Answer 36

iron extraction: 1. C + O2 → CO2 2. C + CO2 → CO 3. CO + Fe2O3 → Fe (l) + CO2 slag removal: 4. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 5. CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 (l)

Question 37

what are the materials needed for iron extraction in blast furnace?

Answer 37

iron ore - Fe2O3 limestone - CaCO3 coke - C

Question 38

BLAST FURNACE: | what happens to the SLAG?

Answer 38

REMOVED → make CEMENT

Question 39

BLAST FURNACE: | what happens to the MOLTEN IRON?

Answer 39

SINK to bottom (dense) → tapped off → turned into steel

Question 40

what is zinc's ore called?

Answer 40

zinc blende (ZnS)

Question 41

what is iron's ore called?

Answer 41

hematite (Fe2O3)

Question 42

what are the conditions for rusting?

Answer 42

water | oxygen

Question 43

what happens to the rate of rusting if there's impurity in water?

Answer 43

faster

Question 44

why does iron need to be protected from rusting?

Answer 44

rust weakens its structure and strengths

Question 45

what is physical protection of rust? what are the drawbacks?

Answer 45

keeping air and oxygen away from surface: - cover with oil, plastic, paint (easy to rub/peel off) - cover with less reactive metal (loses protection and rusts faster once coating is scratched)

Question 46

what is sacrificial/galvanizing protection of rust? give an example

Answer 46

cover with more reactive metal → reactive metal reacts with oxygen first → leaves iron unreacted e.g. zinc

Question 47

why does aluminum not corrode?

Answer 47

aluminum oxide layer → prevents metal from contact with oxygen/air