C8 Flashcards

1
Q

Intradimensional discrimination

A

A discrimination between stimuli that differ only in terms of the value of one stimulus feature, such as color, brightness, or pitch.

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2
Q

Modulator

A

A stimulus that signals the relation between two other events.

A modulator may signal that a CS will be followed by a US or that an instrumental response will be reinforced.

The modulator is part of a conditional relation in which the status of a binary relation depends on the status of the modulator.

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3
Q

Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement

A

A procedure in which different reinforcement schedules are in effect in the presence of different stimuli presented in succession.

Generally, each stimulus comes to evoke a pattern of responding that corresponds to whatever reinforcement schedule is in effect during that stimulus.

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4
Q

Negative Patterning

A

A discrimination procedure in which reinforcement is provided when each of two stimuli appear by themselves (A+ and B+) but not when the two stimuli appear simultaneously (AB–).

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5
Q

Overshadowing

A

Interference with the conditioning of a stimulus because of the simultaneous presence of another stimulus that is easier to condition.

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6
Q

Peak-shift Effect

A

A displacement of the highest rate of responding in a stimulus generalization gradient away from the S+ in a direction opposite the S–.

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7
Q

Positive Patterning

A

A discrimination procedure in which reinforcement is provided when two stimuli (A and B) are presented simultaneously (AB+) but not when those stimuli appear by themselves (A–and B–).

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8
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

Differential responding in the presence of two or more stimuli.

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9
Q

Stimulus Discrimination Training

A

Training with a stimulus discrimination procedure that results in stimulus discrimination.

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10
Q

Stimulus Discrimination Procedure [Classical]

A

A classical conditioning procedure in which one stimulus (the CS+) is paired with the US on some trials and another stimulus (the CS–) is presented without the US on other trials.

As a result of this procedure, the CS+ comes to elicit a conditioned response and the CS–comes to inhibit this response.

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11
Q

Stimulus Discrimination Procedure [Instrumental]

A

A procedure in which reinforcement for responding is available whenever one stimulus (the S+, or S D ) is present and not available whenever another stimulus (the S–, or S Δ ) is present.

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12
Q

Stimulus Element Approach

A

An approach to the analysis of control by compound stimuli which assumes that participants respond to a compound stimulus in terms of the stimulus elements that make up the compound. (Compare with the configural-cue approach.)

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13
Q

Stimulus Equivalence

A

Responding to physically distinct stimuli as if they were the same because of common prior experiences with the stimuli.

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14
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

Responding to test stimuli that are different from the cues that were present during training.

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15
Q

Stimulus Generalization Gradient

A

A gradient of responding that is observed if participants are tested with stimuli that increasingly differ from the stimulus that was present during training. (See also excitatory generalization gradient.)

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16
Q

Conditional Relation

A

A relation in which the significance of one stimulus or event depends on the status of another stimulus.

17
Q

Configural Cue Approach

A

An approach to the analysis of stimulus control which assumes that organisms respond to a compound stimulus as an integral whole rather than a collection of separate and independent stimulus elements. (Compare with the stimulus-element approach.)

18
Q

Discriminative Stimulus

A

A stimulus that controls the performance of instrumental behavior because it signals the availability (or nonavailability) of reinforcement.

19
Q

Excitatory Generalization Gradient

A

A gradient of responding that is observed when organisms are tested with the S+ from a discrimination procedure and with stimuli that increasingly differ from the S+.

Typically the highest level of responding occurs to the S+; progressively less responding occurs to stimuli that increasingly differ from the S+. Thus, the gradient has an inverted-U shape.

20
Q

Facilitation

A

A procedure in which one cue designates when another cue will be reinforced. Also called occasion setting.