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Chemistry Paper 2 > C8 > Flashcards

C8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A substance made up of only one tyoe of element or compound and no thing else

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2
Q

How do we test to see if a substance is pure or not

A

By seeing if the substance melts or boils at the exact melting or boiling point a pure substance should do

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3
Q

How do u calculate Rf value

A

Rf = distance travelled by substance ÷ distance travelled by solvent

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4
Q

Chromotagraphy practice method

A
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5
Q

What is the test for chlorine

A

Bleach damp litmus paper.
Posititve result: turn paper white

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6
Q

What is the test for oxygen

A

Glowing split inside test tube of oxygen
Posititve result: glowing splint relights

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7
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide

A

Lime water turns cloudy

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8
Q

What is the test for hydrogen

A

Hold lit splint at open end of test tube. Posititve result: hear a squeaky pop

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9
Q

What can help to detect carbonates

A

Dilute acid - put sample of what ur testing in a test tube and add couple drops of dilute acid using pipette. Connect test tube to a test tube of lime water. If carbonate ion present, CO² will be released turning limewater cloudy

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10
Q

What is the test for sulfate ions

A

Add drops of HCL and barium chloride. White precipitate of barium sulfate will form

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11
Q

How do u test for hallides

A

Put drops of nitric acid and silver nitrate

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12
Q

What is the positive result if chloride is present

A

White precipitate forms of silver chloride

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13
Q

What is the positive result if bromide is present

A

Cream precipitate of silver bromide

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14
Q

What is the positive result if iodide is present

A

Yellow precipitate forms of silver iodide

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15
Q

How can metal ions be idnentified

A

Using the flame test

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16
Q

What is the positive test for lithium ions

A

Crimson flame

17
Q

What is the positive test for sodium ions

A

Yellow flame

18
Q

What is the positive test for pottasium ions

A

Lilac flame

19
Q

What is the positive test for calcium ions

A

Burn with orange red flame

20
Q

What do some metal ions form with NaOH

A

Coloured precipitates

21
Q

What is the positive test for calcium Ca²

A

White precipitate

22
Q

What is the positive test for copper (ll) Cu²

A

Blue precipitate

23
Q

What is the positive test for iron (ll)

A

Greem precipitate

24
Q

What is the positive test for iron (lll)

A

Brown precipitate

25
Q

What is the positive test for aluminium

A

First white precipitate, then turn colourless

26
Q

What is the positive test for magnisium

A

White precipitate

27
Q

What is the positive about flame emission spectroscopy

A

It works for mixtures so more than one metal ion can e identified

28
Q

What are the advantages of using machines to analyse unknown substances

A

. Very senesetive - can detect the tiniest amounts of substances
. Very fast and tests can be automated
. Very accurate

29
Q

What are some examples of greenhouse gasses

A

Carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour

30
Q

What is the greenhouse gas effect. How does it work

A

All particles absorb certain frequencies of radiation. Greenhouse gasses absorb long wave radiation that gets reflected back of the earth. They reradiate It in all directions. Including back towards the earth. The longwave radiition is thermal radiation, so the surface of the earth is warmed

31
Q

How does desforestion effect amount of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere

A

Fewer trees mean less CO² is removed from atmosphere via photosynthesis

32
Q

How does burning fossil feuls effect amount of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere

A

Carbon that was locked up in these fuels are released as CO²

33
Q

How does agriculture effect amount of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere

A

More farm animals produce methane through thier digestive processes

34
Q

How does createing waste effect amount of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere

A

More landfill sites and more waste from agriculture means more CO² and methane released by decomposition of waste

35
Q

What, are potential consequences of climate change

A

. Increase in temps lead to ice caps melting, increase sea levels and flooding risk and coastal erosion
. Chang ein rainfall patterns - cause some regions to get too much or too little rain affect ability to produce food
. More frequent and severe storms

Chemistry Paper 2 (4 decks)

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