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chemistry > c7 - organic chemistry > Flashcards

c7 - organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

whats crude oil

A

mixture of hydrocarbons

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2
Q

whats a hydrocarbon

A

compound made of hydrogen & carbon only

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3
Q

formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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4
Q

different alkanes

A

methane
ethane
propane
butane

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5
Q

what is crude oil made from

A

plankton/ biomass buried under the mud for millions of years

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6
Q

how are alkanes bonded

A

covalent

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7
Q

what is fractional distillation

A

crude oil enters the column at the bottom
it is heated and evaporated
the top of the column is colder than the bottom
when the fractions rise it reaches its boiling point and condenses and is tapped off

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8
Q

properties of long hydrocarbons

A

long chain
high boiling point
high viscosity/thick
hard to ignite

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9
Q

properties of short hydrocarbons

A

short chain
low boing point
low viscosity
easy to ignite

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10
Q

equ for complete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
BALANCE OXYGEN LAST

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11
Q

equ for incomplete combustion

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon monoxide + water

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12
Q

when is combustion imcomplete

A

when there’s not enough oxygen

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13
Q

what is the test for alkene

A

add bromine water
orange to colourless

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14
Q

what is the test for alkAne

A

add bromine water
ORANGE TO ORANGE

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15
Q

what is cracking

A

where a long chain is broken into a shorter alkane and alkene

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16
Q

what does cracking need

A

catalysts
steam

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17
Q

what happens in a polymerisation reaction

A

many monomers
join together
to form polymers

18
Q

what is the advantage of cracking hydrocarbons

A

break large molecules into smaller ones
to satisfy demand
example

19
Q

what does unsaturated mean

A

contains a double bond

20
Q

what burns with a smokey flame

A

incomplete combustion

21
Q

what happens in the addition of alkenes br2 i2 cl2

A

the double bond is broken
add two of the element

22
Q

what happens in the addition of alkenes with hydrogen

A

double bond is broken
add a hydroenation catalyst
add two elements of hydrogen
becomes an ALKANE

23
Q

what happens in the addition of alkenes H20

A

double bond is broken
hydration catalysist and high temp
add a h and OH
BECOMES AN ALCOHOL

24
Q

state symbol for alcohol

A

-OH

25
Q

what is the equ for fermentation

A

Glucose 🡪 ethanol + carbon dioxide
Warm temperatures

26
Q

what are the uses of alcohol

A

Chemical feed stocks
Alcoholic drinks
Solvents
fuels

27
Q

ethanol + ocygen

A

Ethanol + oxygen 🡪 carbon dioxide + water
C2H5OH + 3O2 🡪 2CO2 + 3H2O
incomplete combustion could also occur

28
Q

ethanol + sodium

A

Ethanol + sodium 🡪 sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
see h2 bubbles

29
Q

ethanol and water

A

short chains = more soluable
long chains = less soluable

30
Q

ethanol + oxidisng agent

A

Ethanol + oxidising agent — carboylic acid + water
2x oxygen provided be the agent

31
Q

what is the formula for a carboxylic acid

A

-COOH

32
Q

what are carboxylic acids

A

weak acids

33
Q

carboxylic acid + carbonates

A

neutralisation reaction
Ethanoic acid + carbonate 🡪 sodium ethanoate +co2 + water

34
Q

carboxylic acid + water

A

dissolve to form acidic solutions

35
Q

carboxcylic acid + alcohol

A

making esters
Ethanoic acid 🡪 ethyl ethanoate
+ ethanol + water

36
Q

what is the c=c

A

additional polymerisation

37
Q

what is condensation polymerisaton

A

making polyesters

38
Q

what is condensation polymerisaton pt2

A

-OH & -COOH

39
Q

difference between polymerisation and condesation poly

A

p is produced by an alkene
cp is produced by a carboxylic acid and a alcohol
cp water is also made

40
Q

properties of alcohol

A

flamable
soluable
oxidise to create a carboxcylic acid

chemistry (6 decks)

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