Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

chemistry > c10 - > Flashcards

c10 - Flashcards

1
Q

what is potable water

A

water which is safe to drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how is potable water produced by the uk

A

Choosing appropriate source of fresh water.
Passing water through filter beds.
Sterilising (use chlorine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is potable water produced by the other countries

A

Desalination of sea water.
Using distillation.
Or reverse osmosis.
But needs LOTS of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how is waste water produced

A

1) Screening & grit removal
2) Sedimentation to produce sludge & effluent
3) Sludge digested anaerobically by specific bacteria
4) effluent digested aerobically by bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is sludge used for

A

Used for fertiliser
As natural gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is effluent used for

A

Released back into the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sewage & Agricultural waste water

A

Remove organic matter & harmful microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Industrial waste water

A

Remove organic matter & harmful chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can water be sterilised

A

chloring
uv
reverse osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are 2 alternative ways of extracting metal

A

phytomining
bioleaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is Phytomining

A

Plants absorb metal

Burn to ash

Extract by electrolysing ash solution (dissolved in acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is Bioleaching

A

Bacteria produce leachate solution

Extract by electrolysing solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to write an effective life cycle assesment

A

Extracting & processing raw materials -use of energy, water, some wastes

Extracting & processing raw materials- Hard to measure effects of pollutants produced

Use & operation during it’s lifetime

Disposal, transport & distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why arent some LCA not accurate

A

used in advertising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why do we recycle

A

limited resources
save energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does ‘reuse’ mean?

A

To use the same item again for the same function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the harber process

A

NH3 is cooled, liquefied & removed
H2 & N2 are recycled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

conditions for the harber process

A

Fe catalyst
450 oC
200 atm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why do we use these certain conditions

A

If we decrease temp

Equilibrium will shift to right (increase yield)

Favouring exothermic, as it will oppose the change

BUT decreasing temp decreases rate

450oC is a compromise, to increase rate without massively decreasing yield

20
Q

why do we have these conditions (pressure)

A

If we increase pressure

Equilibrium will shift to right (increasing yield)

Favouring side with less GAS particles, as it will oppose the change

BUT increasing pressure is dangerous

200 atm is a compromise

21
Q

what do NPK fertilisers contain

A

N –nitrogen
P – phosphorous
K - potassium

22
Q

what is ammonia used for

A

Ammonia is used to manufacture ammonium salts & nitric acid.

23
Q

what is phosphate rock used for

A

Phosphate rock is obtained by mining. Treated with nitric acid to produce soluble salts.

24
Q

what are potassium salts

A

Potassium chloride & potassium sulphate are obtained by mining.

25
Q

how to make amonium sulfate industry

A

Different stages require different temperatures
V. expensive machinery and equipment used in continuous process
Reactants made form raw materials (sulfur, air, water)
Huge quantities made quickly
Continuous – reduces labour & running costs

26
Q

how to make amonium sulfate lab

A

Room temperature for neutralisation, then Bunsen burner for evaporation
Cheap lab equipment used in batch process
Reactants purchased from supplier
Small quantities made slowly
Batch – labour intensive so running costs are high

27
Q

what is corrosion

A

destruction of materials by chemical reactions

28
Q

how is rusting prevented

A

keeping oxygen away
Applying a coating which acts as a barrier
Zinc to galvanise iron – sacrificial protection

29
Q

types of coating

A

Greasing
Painting
Electroplating
Aluminium oxide

30
Q

alloys

A

bronze - copper and tin
brass - Copper + zinc

31
Q

steels

A

High carbon = brittle
Low carbon = softer
Iron, copper + other metals
stainless steel is resistant to corrosion

32
Q

2 types of glass

A

Borosilicate glass
soda-lime glass

33
Q

soda lime glass

A

Heat sand, sodium carbonate & limestone

34
Q

Borosilicate glass

A

Sand & boron trioxide
Melts at a higher temperature

35
Q

what are ceramics

A

Shape wet clay then put in furnace

36
Q

whats a composite

A

made of 2 materials. A matrix/binder binds the fibres or fragments of materials together.

37
Q

whats a hd polymer

A

Pipes, bottles, buckets
Strong, flexible, resists shattering, unreactive

Branched chains

38
Q

LD-polymers

A

Carrier bags, bubble wrap
Flexible, unreactive, can be made into film

Unbranched chains

39
Q

Thermosoftening

A

Melt when heated
Due to weak intermolecular forces

40
Q

Thermosetting

A

Do not melt when heated
Due to strong crosslinks

41
Q

amonia react with oxygen and water

A

nitric acid

42
Q

ammonia react with nitric acid

A

amonium salts

43
Q

why cant phosphate rocks be used

A

insoluable

44
Q

PR nitric acid

A

phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

45
Q

PR sufluric acid

A

calcium sulfate
calcium ohosphate
singer superphosfate

46
Q

pr phosphoric acid

A

calium phostphate
triple superphospfate

chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions