C7- Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons are compounds formed from carbon and hydrogen atoms only

Question 2

What happens during combustion, both carbon and hydrogen from the hydrocarbon

Answer 2

Are oxidised.Oxidation is the gain of energy

Question 3

The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon in oxygen releases

Answer 3

Lots of energy .This makes them useful as fuels

Question 4

If it is a short hydrocarbon chain .

Answer 4

The more runny a hydrocarbon is
Lower its boiling point eill be
More flammable the hy,drpcarbon is

Question 5

Examples of crude oil

Answer 5

Eteol and deisel

Question 6

How was crude oil formed

Answer 6

Crude oil formed mainly from the remains of plankton, as well as other plants and animals .These died millions of years ago and were buried in mud

Question 7

Petrochemicals are compounds that come from crude oil.What is it

Answer 7

Petrochemical indutry uses some of the compounds from crude oil as a feedstock to makw new compounds for use in things like polymers ( plastics, lubricants, dehergents, solvents

Question 8

The oil in crude oil provides fuel for

Answer 8

Most modern transport - cars, trains and planes

Question 9

What is crude oil

Answer 9

Crude oil is a mixture of lots of different hydrocarbons most of which are alkanes

Question 10

How is crude oil separated ?

Answer 10

The different compounds in crude oil are separated by fractional distillation.

Question 11

Process of fractional distillation

Answer 11

Step 1 - Oil is heated until most of it has evaporated.Gases enter a fractional column.
Step 2 - In the column, it’s hot at the bottom and gets cooler as you go up
Step 3 - You end up with the crude oil mixture separated into different fractions e.g.petrol and doesel
Step 4 x Each fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons.Ll of these hydrocarbons in one fraction contain a similar number of carbon atoms .This mwans they’ll have similar boiling points

Question 12

Why is there a demand for fuels with small molecules

Answer 12

Because short chain hydrocarbons tend to be more useful than long chain hydrocarbons

Question 13

Lots of longer alkane molecules are turned into smaller, more useful ones.Process of

Answer 13

Cracking

Question 14

What does methane contain

Answer 14

One carbon atom
Four hydeogen atoms

Question 15

What does ethane contain

Answer 15

2 carbons
6 hydrogens

Question 16

What does propane contain

Answer 16

3 carbon
8 hydrogen

Question 17

What is an alkane

Answer 17

Alkane have only a single bonds between carbon atoms and are called saturated hydrocarbones

Question 18

What is an alkene

Answer 18

Alkenes have at least one carbon - carbon double bond .