C7 MEMORISE Flashcards
what is the formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
what is the formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
If chain length increases of a hydrocarbon, what will happen to viscosity, MP/BP, and flammability?
BP/MP increases
viscosity increases
flammability decreases
what is the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
hydrocarbon + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
what is the alkene functional group?
C double bond C
what is the reaction of bromine water and alkenes?
goes from orange to colourless
how do you make an alochol?
alkene + H2O -> alcohol
(needs catalyst)
how to make an alkane
alkene + H2 -> alkane, hydrogenation
what is the structure of a alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
what is the alcohol functional gorup
OH
whats reaction between alcohol and oxidising agent
alcohol + oxidising agent -> carboxylic acid + water
does alcohol burn
in O2 and air
whats the carboxylic acid functional group
COOH
how do you make an ester
carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
whats only ester you need to know
ethyl ethanoate
whats vinegar?
ethanoic acid
what happens to carboxylic acid in water
dissolves to form weak acid solution
what are the conditions needed for cracking
steam/ catalyst and high temperatures
what functional group do amino acids have?
amine (NH2) and carboxylic (COOH)
when one type of amino acid reacts to form a polymer via condensation polymerisation what is it called
polypeptide
when different amino acids react to from an ester whats it called?
proteins
whats ester functional group
COO
how to make a condensation polymer?
2 monomers types that have the 2 same functional group OR one monomer that has two different functional groups
what does additional polymerisation involve?
monomers are alkene makes ploy(alkene)
what is the word equation for a carbonate + carboxylic acid?
carboxylic salt + carbon dioxide + water
what is the products of the reaction of sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid?
sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
what happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water?
they partially ionise and release H+ ions resulting in an weak acidic solution
how to make an alchohol?
alkene + H2O (Steam) -> alcohol NEEDS CATALYST
what is the product when ethene reacts with bromine?
dibromoethene
state how ethanol is made
fermentation
what is the word equation for fermentation?
glucose -yeast> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what are the conditions for fermentation?
37 degrees, slightly acidic solution and under anaerobic conditions
is alcohol soluble, what does it form?
soluble in water, solutions have neutral pH
how to make carboxylic acid?
alcohols + O2 oxidising
what monomer is DNA made of?
nucleotides
what monomer is proteins made of?
amino acids
what monomer is polysaccharides made of up?
sugars
what are the uses of alcohol?
- fuels
- antiseptics
what are the uses of esters?
- non toxic
- nice smell for perfumes
- food flavouring
what is the product of propene and iodine?
diiodopropane (bromo, chloro, iodo)
how to make alkane?
alkene + hydrogen gas -> alkane
how can ethene be produced from ethanol?
dehydration of ethanol
