C7: Evidences of Evo

Question 1

1.

provides
snapshots of the
past that, when
assembled,
illustrates a
panorama of
evolutionary
change over the
past four billion
years.

Answer 1

Fossil record

Question 2

____(1795 1869) and her husband
____ (1790 1852), are
recorded as having found the first evidence
of _____ in 1822.

Answer 2

Mary Ann Mantell; Dr Gideon Algernon Mantell; Iguanodon

Question 3

is any evidence of ancient life with an
age limit which of 10, 000 years old;
usually found in sedimentary rocks

Answer 3

fossil

Question 4

= termed as
remains ’ such as bones

Answer 4

Direct Fossils

Question 5

= termed as
imprints’ such as traces of plants
and coprolites or fossilized ‘poop’ or
feces

Answer 5

Indirect Fossils

Question 6

This is the site where Charles Walcott first
discovered fossils

Answer 6

Burgess Shale

Question 7

Enumerate the Burgess Shale Fauna

Answer 7

Hallucigenia
Aysheaia
sanctacaris
olenoides
pikaia
opabinia
anomalocaris

Question 8

A strange worm
like animal, was
covered in spikes, likely as
protection against these voracious
predators.

Answer 8

Hallucigenia

Question 9

is a worm like animal, bearing ten pairs of
clawed, spiny limbs on the lower part of its body. a soft, flexible, non mineralized cuticle,
which had a corrugated, accordion like form. A suite of
claws also adorned the end of each stub foot. A faint
line running down the axis of the organism is
interpreted as its gut.

Answer 9

Aysheaia

Question 10

has a wide head
shield with six pairs of head
appendages projecting forward
that are segmented and branch
into two (biramous).

Answer 10

Sanctacaris

Question 11

ancestor of many arthropods; prominent segmentation; cephalization; leg part; antenna; shelled; top food chain

Answer 11

olenoides or trilobites

Question 12

A creature smaller than a human’s
thumb, is thought to be closely related
to the ancestor of all vertebrates.

Answer 12

pikaia

Question 13

A predatory species, displaying five eyes and
a strange proboscis used to capture its prey

Answer 13

opabinia

Question 14

Large arthropods; considered as
the top predator hunting on
trilobites ( olenoides ) and other
invertebrates.

Answer 14

anomalocaris

Question 15

Enumerate the examples of Transitional forms that reveal links between groups

Answer 15

Archaeopteryx
Eustheopteron : amphibious fish
Seymouria : reptile like amphibian
mammal like reptiles & whales
with hind limbs

Question 16

transition between reptiles and birds
has feathers, wings, claw/finger

Answer 16

archaeopteryx

Question 17

Tetrapod in the Devonian period where
their fins represented the archaic
beginnings of what would become our
own arms and five fingered hands.

Answer 17

Eusthenopteron

Question 18

A group of Permo Carboniferous
reptiliomorphs with both terrestrial
and aquatic taxa
*
Reptile like amphibian

Answer 18

seymouria

Question 19

*
The tail powered swimming of modern
baleen ( _____ ) and toothed
Odontoceti ) whales evolved from the
hip wiggling style of the ancient whale
_____

Answer 19

Whales with hind limbs
Mysticeti; Georgiacetus

Question 20

___ , a goat sized, four legged
creature that scientists recognise as one of
the first cetaceans (the group of marine
animals that includes dolphins and whales).

Answer 20

Pakicetus

Question 21

This are true fossils parts
of early organisms

Answer 21

REMNANTS

Question 22

Entire organism frozen in
ice

Answer 22

FROZEN

Question 23

Minerals replace hard
parts (bones, teeth,
etc.) of organism

Answer 23

PETRIFICATION

Question 24

Entire organism fossilized
in tree sap

Answer 24

AMBER

Question 25

thin, soft object (leaf, feather) is buried and sediments later harden)

Answer 25

IMPRINT

Question 26

Buried organism disappears and leaves an empty space

Answer 26

MOLD

Question 27

Mold filled by minerals (replica of organism)

Answer 27

CAST

Question 28

Traces of the organism; provides information on how organism lived, hunted, food pref., etc.

Answer 28

TRACE

Question 29

How can fossil age be determined? ______ help to determine their age Lower layers are ____than those in upper layers Radioactive Isotope Dating ____, _____, _____ Measure the ______ relative to its more stable form (half life)

Answer 29

Depth of fossils; older Carbon 14, Uranium 238, Potassium 40 proportion of an isotope

Question 30

Why is the fossil record incomplete?

Answer 30

1. Soft tissue rarely preserved 2. Fossilization takes place only in certain types of habitats and under favorable conditions 3. Movement of the earth’s crust has obliterated or covered many fossils 4. Paleontologists have not dug up every place on earth

Question 31

Study of anatomical structures to find similarities and differences

Answer 31

Comparative Anatomy

Question 32

parts with similar basic structure (derived from same structures in embryo same common descent), but may vary in function

Answer 32

HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

Question 33

structures that have the same function (may look somewhat alike), but have different structures and DO NOT have a common descent

Answer 33

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

Question 34

reduced body parts (in comparison to the same complex structure in other organisms) that have little to no function ; remnant of an ancestor

Answer 34

VESTIGAL STRUCTURES

Question 35

Examples of vestigal structures:

Answer 35

Human appendix (other mammals it is necessary to aid in digestion) Human external ear muscle (useless, but still there) Human tailbone (coccyx) Human wisdom teeth * Bird wings Penguins adapted for swimming, ostrich wings for balance and courtship

Question 36

Patterns of embryological development can indicate a common ancestry

Answer 36

embryology

Question 37

Biochemical Similarities & Evidences *Similarity of ______ molecules *The more closely related organisms are, the __________ *Indicates ______ *________ supports evolution *Similar chemistry & _____among Eukaryotes *_____is the same basic molecule in all photosynthetic organisms

Answer 37

proteins, RNA & DNA more similar is the biochemical makeup common ancestor Universality of genetic code structure of chromosomes Chlorophyll