C7: CRUDE OIL AND FRACTIONAL DISTILLATIONAL

Question 1

What is crude oil made from?

Answer 1

ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried
in mud

Question 2

What is crude oil?

Answer 2

Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Most of
the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons

Question 3

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

molecules containing hydrogen and carbon only

Question 4

Fractional distillation

Answer 4

-crude oil is heated at the bottom of the column until it evaporates
-the gas travels up the column
-the hydrocarbons will condense as they rise up the column as it gets colder at the top
-the longer hydrocarbon chains will condense at the bottom as they have higher boiling points
-the shorter hydrocarbon chains will condense at the top as they have lower boiling points

Question 5

Properties of long chain hydrocarbons

Answer 5

-high boiling point
-high viscosity
-low flammability
-burn with a smoky flame

Question 6

Properties of short chain hydrocarbons

Answer 6

-low boiling point
-low viscosity
-high flammability
-burn with a clean flame

Question 7

Name some fuels produces in Fractional distillation

Answer 7

petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil and liquefied
petroleum gases

Question 8

What is produced
by the petrochemical industry?

Answer 8

solvents, lubricants,
polymers, detergents

Question 9

Why do vast array of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur

Answer 9

ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar
compounds