C7 Alkanes,alcohols,carboxylic Acids, Esters

Question 0

What sort of bonds do alkanes have?

Answer 0

They have single covalent bonds- they are saturated

Question 1

What are alkanes made from?

Answer 1

-They are made up of chains if carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms.

Question 2

What is the formula for all alkanes?

Answer 2

CnH2n+2

Question 3

What is the names of the first two alkanes and what is their molecular formula?

Answer 3

Methane Ethane

CH4 C2H6

Question 4

What do alkanes burn to give?

Answer 4

Alkanes burn to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Alkane+oxygen—> carbon dioxide + water.

Question 5

What do alkanes not react with and why?

Answer 5

Alkanes are pretty unreactive to most chemicals.

They don’t react with aqueous agents

Alkanes don’t react because the C-C bonds and the C-H are difficult to break.

Question 6

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 6

‘OH’

Question 8

Describe if the following are soluble in water, good solvents, billing points and at room temperature:

• ethanol
• alkanes
• water

Answer 8

ETHANOL- Soluble in water, good solvent, a boiling point of 78 C, liquid at room temperature but volatile.

ALKANE- insoluble in water, bad solvent, boiling point of -103 (for ethane), gas at room temp.

WATER, good solvent, boiling point of 100 degrees and is a liquid at room temp but is not volatile.

Question 9

Why are alcohols so good manufacturing?

Answer 9

Can dissolve lots of compounds that water can’t like hydrocarbons and oil, makes it a very useful solvent.

Question 10

Describe all the uses for ethanol.

Answer 10

• Ethanol is used in perfumes and aftershave lotions.

- ‘methylated spirit’ is ethanol with chemicals added to it, to clean paint brushes and as fuel.

Question 11

Give the reaction for ethanol reacting with sodium and also water reacting with sodium.

Answer 11

Sodium+ethanol—> sodium ethoxide+hydrogen

Sodium+water—> sodium hydroxide+hydrogen

Question 12

What is the functional group of Carboxylic acids?

Answer 12

‘-COOH’

Question 13

What does carboxylic acid react with?

Answer 13

Carboxylic acids are like other acids, they react with alkalis,carbonates and reactive metals.

Question 14

When carboxylic acids react with alkalis,metals or carbonates what do they form?

Answer 14

Salts that end in ‘anoate’

Like methanoic acid forms a methanoate

Question 15

What do carboxylic acids make when reacted with the following?

1) an alkali
2) a metal
3) a carbonate

Answer 15

1) give salt and hydrogen
2) give salt and water
3) give a salt,water and carbon dioxide.

Question 16

What happens if beer is left out in the air?

Answer 16

The ethanol will be oxidised to ethanoic acid,which stink, and will make the beer taste rancid.

Question 17

What is the function group of esters?

Answer 17

‘-COO’

Question 18

How are esters formed?

Answer 18

They are formed from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. It’s called an esterification reaction.

To start the reaction you need a strong acid catalyst( like sulfuric acid)

Question 19

Why are esters very good for the industry?

Answer 19

1) Esters have pleasant smells, often quite sweet and fruity.
2) they are volatile, makes them ideal for perfumes.
3) they are good plasticisers
4) used as solvents - paint and nail varnish.

Question 20

What are fatty acids?

Answer 20

They are carboxylic acids with long chains.

Question 21

What is a glycerol?

Answer 21

An alcohol. NOTICE THE ‘OL’ DIPSHIT?

Question 22

Fatty acids and glycerols combine to make what?

Answer 22

To make fats and oils?

Question 23

Saturated=

Answer 23

• Single bonds

- solid at room temp

Question 24

Unsaturated=

Answer 24

Double bonds.

- liquid at room temp

Question 25

What are the properties of animal fats?

Answer 25

They are saturated- solid at room temp

Question 26

What are the properties of vegetable oils?

Answer 26

They have mainly unsaturated hydrocarbon chains

- liquid at room temp.

Question 27

What do the names of carboxylic acids end in?

Answer 27

‘anoic’ acid