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Chemistry > C7 > Flashcards

C7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil formed from

A

The remains of ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud

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2
Q

Crude oil is a mixture of compounds most of which are hydrocarbons what is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only

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3
Q

What is the general formula for an alkane

A

C n H 2n +2

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4
Q

What are the names of the first four alkanes

A

Methane ethane propane and butane

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5
Q

What’s the name of an alkane with three carbons

A

Propane

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6
Q

What is the name of the process that separates the crude oil into fractions containing molecules with a smaller number of carbon atoms

A

Fractional distillation

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7
Q

Name five fuels that can be separated from crude oil

A

Petrol, diesel, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, LPG

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8
Q

Name for useful materials that rely on the petrochemical industry

A

Solvent lubricant polymers and detergent

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9
Q

Describe what happens in fractional distillation

A

Crude oil is heated to evaporate it is then pumped into a column which is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top so the vapour is condense and they have different boiling points so condense at different levels

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10
Q

When hydrocarbons combust they react with oxygen, what is produced?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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11
Q

What happens to the boiling point the longer the hydrocarbon molecule is

A

It increases

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12
Q

What happens to the viscosity the longer the hydrocarbon molecule is

A

More viscous

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13
Q

What happens to the flammability the longer the hydrocarbon molecule is

A

Less flammable

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14
Q

What is meant by cracking

A

Breaking down hydrocarbons into smaller more useful molecules

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15
Q

What are the conditions needed for catalytic cracking

A

The hydrocarbon is heated and vaporised 500°c And then the vapour is passed over a hot catalyst

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16
Q

What are the products of cracking

A

An alkane and alkene

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17
Q

What is the test for an alkene

A

It turns orange bromine water colourless

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18
Q

Which is more reactive than alkanes or an alkene

A

Alkene because it has a double bond that can open up

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19
Q

Why is cracking done

A

There is a high demand for fuels with a smaller molecule chains

20
Q

What can the alkenes be used for

A

Producing polymers

21
Q

What is the general formula of an alkene

A

CnH2n

22
Q

How is an alkene different from an alkane

A

An alkene has a carbon to carbon double bond C=C

23
Q

Is an alkene saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated because it has a double bond

24
Q

What are the names of the first four Alkenes

A

Ethene propene butene and petene

25
Q

Alkenes reacts with oxygen in combustion in the same way as alkanes but they tend to have smoky flames. why is this ?

A

Incomplete combustion

26
Q

Alkene + hydrogen -> …….

And the conditions ?

A

Alkane (hydrogenation)

60° C + nickel catalyst

27
Q

Alkene + halogen ->

A 
Dibromo 
Difluoro        
Dichloro
Diiodo
\+ ethane, propane, butane Pentane
28
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol

A

-OH -O-H

29
Q

alcohol + sodium

A

Fizzes (in the same when sodium reacts with water although less vigorously) hydrogen is produced, an alkali is produced

30
Q

Alcohol burns in air to produce

A

Carbon dioxide + water

31
Q

Alcohol + An oxidising

A

Carboxylic acid + water

Ethanol (in wine) + microbes in the air -> ethanoic acid (vinegar)

32
Q

Equation for fermentation

A

Yeast
Glucose ———> ethanol + carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Glucose (sugar) must be dissolved in water

33
Q

Give examples of uses of alcohols

A

Alcoholic drinks (ethanol), fuels, solvents 

34
Q

What are the names of the first four carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

35
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid

A 
O 
                                   //
-COOH     Or      — C 
                                   \
                                   OH
36
Q

Carboxylic acid + carbonate —>

A

A Salt + water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

Carboxylic acid dissolved in water

A

Make an acidic solution

They are weak acids because they do not completely ionise

38
Q

Carboxylic acid + alcohol —> …..

Conditions ?

A 
Ester 
Acid catalyst ( usually sulfuric)
39
Q

What is the functional group of an Ester

A

-COO-

40
Q

Name an Ester

A

Ethylethanoate

41
Q

What is addition Polymersation

A

Many small molecules (monomer) join together to form very large molecules (polymers)
In addition polymerisation The repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer because no other molecule is formed

42
Q

Propene monomers —>

A

Polypropene

43
Q

What is condensation polymerisation

A

Monomers have two functional groups, when these monomers join together they form a small molecule such as water

44
Q

Amino acids produce polypeptides by what sort of polymerisation

A

Condensation polymerisations

45
Q

Different amino acids can be combined in the same chain to produce

A

Proteins

46
Q

What is the general name for the monomers that make up DNA

A

Nucleotides

47
Q

Names are naturally occurring polymers that are important for life

A

DNA, starch, cellulose and protein

Chemistry (10 decks)

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