C6: Rate and extent of chemical reaction Flashcards
Le Chatelier’s Principle:
“If the conditions of a dynamic equilibrium in a closed system are arranged, the equilibrium shifts to oppose that change”
Rate of reaction [3]:
- Change in concentration/time
- Amount of reactants used/time taken
- Constant of products/time taken
Factors that increase the rate of reaction [5]:
- Increased temperature
- Increased pressure (gas)
- Increasing concentration (liquid)
- Increasing surface area (solid)
- Catalysts
Activation energy [definition]:
The minimum energy that particles
need to have in order to react when they collide
Heterogeneous catalysts are in…
a different state to the reactants
Catalytic converters:
A device which reduces the toxic emissions from an
internal combustion engine by converting the harmful
exhaust by-products into relatively harmless ones
Catalysts on equilibrium [2]:
- They have no effect on equilibrium
- It does help a system reach equilibrium mor equickly
How is dynamic equilibrium established?
When a reversible reaction is carried out in a closed system, a state of dynamic equilibrium can be established
In dynamic equilibrium….[2]:
- The rate of the forward and reverse reactions are the same
- The concentrations of the components of the reaction mixture remain constant
Concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium…
do not have to be the same
Le Chatelier’s- High Pressure:
Equilibrium favours the side with the fewest moles of gas in high pressure conditions
Le Chatelier’s- Low Pressure:
Equilibrium favours the side with the greatest moles of gas in low pressure conditions
Le Chatelier’s- Temperature Increase:
An increase in temperature will favour the endothermic reaction to oppose the change
Le Chatelier’s- Temperature Decrease:
A decrease in temperature will favour the exothermic reaction to oppose the change
Exothermic reactions cause…
temperature to rise
