C10: Using Resources Flashcards
Glass properties(5):
- Glass forms giant covalent structures
- The raw materials are heated to 1500°C
- Random arrangement of atoms
- Hard but brittle
- Transparent
Glass contents(2):
- Made from silicon dioxide (SiO2)
- Soda-lime glass contains limestone and sodium carbonate
Clay/ Ceramics(4):
- Opaque and grey-ish material
- ceramics include: brick, china and porcelain
- Made by shaping wet clay and heating it to extremely high temperatures
- Atoms are arranged in layers
Common alloys(6):
- Bronze - Tin
- Gold - Brass
- Aluminium - Steel
Bronze(4):
- Decorative
- Malleable
- Corrosion resistant
- Easy recycle
Gold(5):
- Decorative
- Malleable
- Soft
- Corrosion resistant
- Easy to recycle
Aluminium(4):
- Malleable
- Soft
- Corrosion resistant
- Easy to recycle
Tin(3):
- Malleable
- Soft
- Easy to recycle
Brass(3):
- Decorative
- Malleable
- Corrosion resistant
Steel(3):
- Decorative
- Malleable
- Corroson resistant
Chemical equilbrium (definition):
When the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backwards reaction
Alloy (definition):
A mixture of metals made to change the properties to suit a purpose
Rusting (4):
- The corrosion of Iron and/or Steel
- It is an oxidaton process
- Both water and oxygen are required
- salt and other electrolytes can speed up rusting
Rusting (equation):
Iron + Oxygen + Water = hydrated iron oxide
Rust =
Hydrated Iron Oxide
NPK fertilisers (definition):
Fertilisers that contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to help plants grow better
Phytomining (definition):
The use of plants to extract metals from low-grade ores
The Haber Process(3):
- Nitrogen and Hydrogen are pumped into the reaction vessel
- Ammonia sinks to the bottom of a closed system because it condenses at a lower temperature
- Excess hydrogen and nitrogen is pumped into the reaction vessel again until ther is only ammonia
Dynamic Equilibrium…
only occurs in gases
The ammonia made in the haber process…(2)
- can be used as a fertiliser in liquid form
- It is mostly changed into compounds of ammonia to give the plant exta minerals
Bioleaching (definition)
[2]:
- Using bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds
- These can then be processed to obtain the metal
Life cycle assessments (definition):
Assess every stage of a product’s lifetime in order to evaluate total environmental costs
What are the 4 stages of life cycle assessments?
- Acquiring raw materials
- Manufacturing and packaging
- Product use
- Product disposal
