C6

Question 1

True or False: Properly
managed and utilized agricultural wastes are a natural
resource that can produce economic returns.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

primary objective of applying agricultural waste to
land

Answer 2

recycle part of the plant nutrients contained
in the waste material into harvestable plant forage,
fruit, or dry matter.

Question 3

The
chemical compounds derived from waste material can
be transformed by the following processes:

Answer 3

1. Absorbed by the roots and assimilated by the
   plant
2. Degraded by soil micro-organisms and become
   a part of the soil organic component, or broken
   down further into a gas, ion, or water
3. Fixed to soil minerals or attached to soil ex-
   change sites
4. Solubilized and moved with runoff water.
5. Moved with eroded mineral or organic material
6. Leached downward through the soil toward the
   ground water
7. Escaped from plant tissue into the atmosphere

Question 4

classic example of nutrient trans-
formation where microbial degradation and eventual
escape of nitrogen gas occurs.

Answer 4

Denitrification

Question 5

absorb nutrients
and water from the soil.

Answer 5

Roots

Question 6

Plant growth can require up to __ chemical elements.

Answer 6

20

Question 7

Ehat are the 20 chemical elements

Answer 7

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen,Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
sulfur, calcium, and magnesium,Boron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese,
molybdenum, silicon, sodium, vanadium, and zinc

Question 8

Micronutrient or trace element

Answer 8

Boron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese,
molybdenum, silicon, sodium, vanadium, and zinc

Question 9

Macronutrients

Answer 9

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
sulfur, calcium, and magnesium

Question 10

element that most often limits plant
growth

Answer 10

Nitrogen

Question 11

important for plant growth because of
its role in ribonucleic acid (RNA), the plant cells
genetic material, and its function in energy transfer
with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Answer 11

Phosphorus

Question 12

Two nonessential elements of primary concern in
municipal sludge

Answer 12

Lead
Cadmium

Question 13

This disease is marked by an increase of
protein content in the urine.

Answer 13

Proteinuria

Question 14

Synthetic organic compounds present in many sludges

Answer 14

Polychlorinated biphenyls

Question 15

lack of plant nutrients in an
available form for uptake can cause

Answer 15

deficiency in
plants,

Question 16

excess of plant nutrients can cause___

Answer 16

Toxicity

Question 17

Chlorotic and necrotic leaf tips, interveinal chlorosis in new leaves, Cereals and spinach.
retarded growth of entire plant, injured roots resemble barbed wire.

Answer 17

Zinc

Question 18

Dark green leaves, wilting of older leaves, stunted foliage, (No information.)
and brown short roots.

Answer 18

Lead (Pb)

Question 19

Overall stunting, dark green leaves, purpling of stems, Cereals.
death of leaf tips, and coralloid and damaged root system.

Answer 19

Aluminum

Question 20

Dark green foliage, stunted growth of tops and roots, dark brown Rice and tobacco.
to purple leaves of some plants (“bronzing” disease of rice).

Answer 20

Iron (Fe)

Question 21

Red-brown necrotic spots on old leaves, yellowing and (No information.)
browning of roots, depressed tillering.

Answer 21

Arsenic(As)

Question 22

Margin or leaf tip chlorosis, browning of leaf points, decaying Cereals, potatoes, tomatoes,
growing points, and wilting and dying-off of older leaves.

Answer 22

Boron, B

Question 23

Brown margin of leaves, chlorosis, reddish veins and petioles, Legumes (bean, soybean), spinach
curled leaves, and brown stunted roots.

Answer 23

Cadmium, Cd

Question 24

Interveinal chlorosis in new leaves followed by induced Fe chlorosis (No information.)
and white leaf margins and tips, and damaged root tips.

Answer 24

Cobalt, Co

Question 25

Chlorosis of new leaves, injured root growth.

Answer 25

Chromium, Cr

Question 26

Dark green leaves followed by induced Fe chlorosis, thick, Cereals and legumes, spinach,
short, or barbed-wire roots, depressed tillering.

Answer 26

Copper, Cu