C5 - Salts & Electrolysis

Question 1

What is an acid? And what does ions does it form in water?

Answer 1

An acid is a substance with a pH of less than 7. It forms H+ ions in water

Question 2

What is a base?

Answer 2

A base is a substance with pH of greater than 7

Question 3

What is an alkali? And what ions does it form in water?

Answer 3

An alkali is a base that dissolves in water. It forms OH- ions in water

Question 4

What is the pH scale?

Answer 4

The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. The strongest acid has pH 0 and the strongest alkaline has pH 14. A neutral substance has pH 7

Question 5

What is the chemical formula for Hydrochloric acid?

Answer 5

HCl

Question 6

What is the chemical formula for Sulphuric acid?

Answer 6

H2SO4

Question 7

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

Answer 7

NaOH

Question 8

What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?

Answer 8

KOH

Question 9

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

Answer 9

Ca(OH)2

Question 10

What is the word and ion equation for neutralisation?

Answer 10

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

H(+) + OH(-) -> H2O

Question 11

What is the state symbols for each of the following? 
(s)
(I)
(g)
(aq)

Answer 11

(s) - Solid
(I) - Liquid
(g) - Gas
(aq) - Dissolved in water

Question 12

What salt will acid + metal give you?

Answer 12

Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen

Question 13

What salt will a Acid + Base give you?

Answer 13

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

Question 14

For the following, state what salts they give you

1. Hydrochloric acid
2. Sulphuric acid
3. Nitric acid

Answer 14

1. Hydrochloric acid - Chloride salts
2. Sulphuric acid - Sulphate salts
3. Nitric acid - Nitrate salts

Question 15

Explain why copper does not react with an acid?

Answer 15

Because copper is less reactive than hydrogen, for all metals to react with hydrogen they need to be more reactive in the reactivity series.

Question 16

What is electrolysis?

Answer 16

It is splitting up electrons of a compound madd up of charged particles (ions) into smaller substances.

Question 17

During electrolysis what occurs in the positive electrode?

Answer 17

• The negative ions lose electrons to become neutral

- Losing electrons is called oxidation

Question 18

During electrolysis what occurs in the negative electrode?

Answer 18

• Positive ions gain electrons to become neutral

- Gaining electrons is called reduction

Question 19

What does Oil Rig stand for?

Answer 19

Oxidation is loss (of electrons)

Reduction is gain (of electrons)

Question 20

What is an anode?

Answer 20

Positive electrode

Question 21

What is a cathode?

Answer 21

Negative electrode

Question 22

What does Panic stand for?

Answer 22

Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode

Question 23

What is an ion?

Answer 23

It is a charged particle

Question 24

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 24

A substance that can be electrolysed

Question 25

What is a anion?

Answer 25

An ion that goes to the anode

Question 26

What is a cation?

Answer 26

An ion that goes to the cathode

Question 27

What is electroplating?

Answer 27

Electroplating uses electrolysis to coat the surface if one metal with another metal