C5 - Salts & Electrolysis Flashcards
What is an acid? And what does ions does it form in water?
An acid is a substance with a pH of less than 7. It forms H+ ions in water
What is a base?
A base is a substance with pH of greater than 7
What is an alkali? And what ions does it form in water?
An alkali is a base that dissolves in water. It forms OH- ions in water
What is the pH scale?
The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. The strongest acid has pH 0 and the strongest alkaline has pH 14. A neutral substance has pH 7
What is the chemical formula for Hydrochloric acid?
HCl
What is the chemical formula for Sulphuric acid?
H2SO4
What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?
NaOH
What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?
KOH
What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?
Ca(OH)2
What is the word and ion equation for neutralisation?
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
H(+) + OH(-) -> H2O
What is the state symbols for each of the following? (s) (I) (g) (aq)
(s) - Solid
(I) - Liquid
(g) - Gas
(aq) - Dissolved in water
What salt will acid + metal give you?
Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen
What salt will a Acid + Base give you?
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water
For the following, state what salts they give you
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sulphuric acid
- Nitric acid
- Hydrochloric acid - Chloride salts
- Sulphuric acid - Sulphate salts
- Nitric acid - Nitrate salts
Explain why copper does not react with an acid?
Because copper is less reactive than hydrogen, for all metals to react with hydrogen they need to be more reactive in the reactivity series.
What is electrolysis?
It is splitting up electrons of a compound madd up of charged particles (ions) into smaller substances.
During electrolysis what occurs in the positive electrode?
- The negative ions lose electrons to become neutral
- Losing electrons is called oxidation
During electrolysis what occurs in the negative electrode?
- Positive ions gain electrons to become neutral
- Gaining electrons is called reduction
What does Oil Rig stand for?
Oxidation is loss (of electrons)
Reduction is gain (of electrons)
What is an anode?
Positive electrode
What is a cathode?
Negative electrode
What does Panic stand for?
Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode
What is an ion?
It is a charged particle
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that can be electrolysed
