C5: Lesson 3 Flashcards
In the realm of the ___, as noted earlier, one has to pay attention not just on how deals
with oneself, but also on how one interacts with other individuals in personal
relations.
self
JOHN STUART MILLS _____, though seemingly a hedonistic
theory given its emphasis on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, elevates the
human element above the animalistic and above the merely selfish
UTILITARIANISM
Mill builds on the earlier version of utilitarianism, the one espoused by
____, which first posited that what makes an action good is
that it brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number
JEREMY BENTHAM
It is an absolute theory of ethics that is not rooted in duty or externally imposed laws
natural law (thomas aquinas)
it is found in our human nature and our search for genuine happiness and fulfilment
natural law
states that as its first natural inclination the innate
tendency that all human beings share with all other existing things;
NATURAL LAW THEORY
Any action therefore that sustains
and cultivates ones biological or physical existence is to be deemed ___while all
action lead to destruction of ones existence is to be called ____
good; bad or evil
Celebrates the rational faculty of the moral agent, which sets it above merely
sentient beings.
KANTS DEONTOLOGY
Kant ____challenge the moral agent to
think beyond her own predilections and desires and to instead consider what
everyone ought to do.
principle of universability
Kant’s ____ as end in itself teaches one to always treat humanity
whether in her own self or in any other individual, as the end or goal of all
human actions and never merely as the means.
principle of humanity
Kant ____teaches us that no one else can tell her what she
ought to do in a particular situation; the highest authority is neither the king
nor the general nor the pope.
principle of autonomy
The highest authority that which is self
legislating in the realm of moral law, is none other than the ___herself.
rational individual
One may make mistakes from time to time but in the end the important
question is whether th person is learned from such mistakes, then the person
has not become EUDAIMON or a happy (that is flourishing)
ARISTOTLE VIRTUE OF ETHICS
_________ will always push the greatest happiness principle as the
prime determinant of what can be considered as good action, whether in the
personal sphere or in the societal realm.
Mills utilitarian
___ on the other hand in his ___ theory has a clear
conception of the principles that should guide the individual in her actions that
affect her larger society, human life , the care and education of children and
promotion of truth, and harmonious social living.
Thomas Aquianas;
natural law
___ argues for the use of the principles of universalizability and of
humanity as end Itself to form a persons autonomous notion of what she ought
to do.
Immanuel Kant
These principles an and should apply directly to the construction of
ethical duty in ones social life.
principles of universalizability
Aristotle prescribe ___as the guide of all the actions that a person has to
take even in her dealing with the larger community of people, such as
liberality, justice, magnificence, friendliness and rightful indignation suggest
that they are socially oriented.
mesotes
In case of _____some scholars point out that his hedonistic
doctrine focuses on the sovereignty of pleasures and pains in human decision
making should extend into other creatures that can experience pleasure and
pains; namely, animals.
UTILITARIANISM
___themselves cannot become moral agents because they do not seem to
have reason and free will
Animals
____focused on the innate dignity of the human
being as possessing reason , It can be argued that one cannot possibly
universalize maxims that in the end will lead to an untenable social existence.
KANTIAN DEONTOLOGY
____ may not necessarily talk about the physical
environment and human moral responsibility to it as such but one can try to
infer from his philosophy that certain actions should be avoided because they
do not produce a harmonious peaceful society.
THOMAS AQUINAS
