C5: Lesson 2 Flashcards
theorized the moral development happens in six stages
which he divided into three levels.
American moral psychologist Lawrence
Kohlberg (1927-1987)
name the moral development happens in six stages (divided into three levels)
a. FIRST STAGE – PRE-CONVENTIONAL
1. Obedience Vs. Avoidance and Punishment
2. Reasoning and learns to act what she thinks (Naively Egoistical)
b. SECOND STAGE CONVENTIONAL
3. Good boy and Good Girl Orientation
4. Law and Social Order
c. POST CONVENTIONAL
5. Legalistic Social Contract
6. Universal ethical Principles
(Level& stage):
it corresponds to how infants and young children think; ____ is centred on the consequences of action.
FIRST STAGE – PRE-CONVENTIONAL: Obedience Vs. Avoidance and Punishment;
Reasoning
consequences of acts determine whether they are good or bad
Punishment-Obedience Orientation
(Level& stage):
If an action is good they can avoid punishment ; if its bad it lead to punishment;
Pleasure and Punishment
FIRST STAGE – PRE-CONVENTIONAL: Reasoning and learns to act what she thinks (Naively Egoistical)
In this age in which older
children, adolescent and young adults learn to conform to the expectation
of the society.
SECOND STAGE CONVENTIONAL
(Level& stage):
o One follows conventions of her group.
o Begins to act according to what the larger group she belongs to
expects of her.
SECOND STAGE CONVENTIONAL: Good boy and Good Girl Orientation
(Level& stage):
o The general tendency at this age is to conform fist to the values of
ones immediate group , such as her family playmates or later on
barkada.
SECOND STAGE CONVENTIONAL: Good boy and Good Girl Orientation
(Level& stage):
When a person relizes that following the dictates od her society
is not just good for herself but more importantly it is necessary
for the existence of society itself.
SECOND STAGE CONVENTIONAL: Law and Social Order
(Level& stage):
The individual at this stage values most the laws, rules, and regulation of her society and thus her moral reasoning is shaped
by dutifulness to the external standards set by society.
SECOND STAGE CONVENTIONAL: Law and Social Order
– in this stage is divided into two stages
represents individual realization that the ethical principles she has
rationally arrived at take precedence over even the rules or conventions
that her society dictates.
POST CONVENTIONAL
(Level& stage):
Namely agreement that rational agents have arrived at whether explicitly
or implicitly in order to serve what can be considered the common good are what one ought to honor and follow.
POST CONVENTIONAL: Legalistic Social Contract
(Level& stage):
This notion of common good is conventional in the sense that the moral
agent binds herself to what this theoretical community of rational agents
has identified as morally desirable, whether the agent herself will benefit
from doing so or not.
POST CONVENTIONAL: Legalistic Social Contract
(Level& stage):
What is good or right is what honours the social contract; what
contradicts it is bad.
POST CONVENTIONAL: Legalistic Social Contract
(Level& stage):
Perform action based on universal ethical principles that one has
determined by herself. One realizes that all conventions (laws,
rules and regulations) of society are only correct if they are based
on these universal ethical principles.
POST CONVENTIONAL: Universal ethical principles
(Level& stage):
Full maturity post conventional thinking since this stage
recognizes that in the end the question of what one ought to do
goes back to the individual moral agent and her own rationality.
POST CONVENTIONAL: Universal ethical principle
____ or ___ have long been derived by purely rationalistic perspective as
having no place in properly executed moral decision.
Emotions or feelings
___points out that _____ goes beyond the mere act of intellectual
identifying the right thing to do. Instead , it is the condition of ones character
by which the agent is able to manage her emotions or feelings.
Aristotle;
moral virtue
________is the popular Filipino saying, the mouth says
one thing but the heart drives you to do another thing.
Tulak ng bibig kabig ng dibdib
Being _____ specifically refers to the
latter situation we must therefore identify which activity we are engaged in,
whether we are making a judgement on a case that we are not involved.
moral agent
identify all the people who may potentially be affected by
the application of a moral situation or by our concrete choice of action.
These people are called the ___in the particular case.
stakeholders
____are ethical
situations in which there are competing values that seem to have equal worth.
Dilemma
A ____ is
always a human being whose intellect remains finite and whose passions remain
dynamic and who is always placed in situations that are unique
moral individual
- Puts every single stakeholders at par with everyone
else, with no one being worth more than any other.
UTILITARIANISM
-puts more emphasis on the supposed objective, universal
nature of what is to be considered morally good, basing its reasoning on the
theorized existence of a “human nature”.
NATURAL LAW
This theory has the advantage of
both objectivity and a kind of intuitiveness
NATURAL LAW
___- put the premium on rational will, freed from
all other consideration as the only human capacity that can determine ones
moral duty
KANTIAN DEONTOLOGY
Kant focus on ones ____as constituted of what one can
consider as moral law that is free from all other ends and inclinations; including pain and pleasure as well as conformity to the rules of the group
autonomy (Kantian deontology)
