C5- Chemical Changes Flashcards
Whats is the nemonic to remember the reactivity with series?
Please stop calling me a cute zebra tom likes her calling sam giant
How do Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with water?
They fizz and give off hydrogen gas leaving a solution of a metal hydroxide
How do potassium, sodium and lithium react with dilute acid?
Explode
How do magnesium aluminium and zinc react with water?
They have a very slow reaction
How do calcium magnesium aluminium and zinc react with dilute acid?
Fizz, giving off hydrogen gas and form a salt
How do tin and lead react with water?
They slight react with steam
How do tin and lead react with dilute acid?
They react slowly with warm acid
Oxidation
The loss of electrons
Reduction
The gain of electrons
How do metals displace each other?
A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its aqueous solution
What is an ionic equation?
It shows only the atoms and ions (with charges) that change in the reaction
Why are most metals found in the earth as compounds?
Because many metals can react with other elements or oxygen ti form compounds or oxides
Whats a metal ore?
It contains enough of the metal to make it economic to extract the metal (the ores are mined)
How are metals above carbon in the reactivity series extracted?
By electrolysis
How are metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series extracted?
Reduced from its ore by heating with carbon
How is copper extracted from its ore?
Reduced from its ore by reacting with hydrogen
Which metals in the reactivity series are found native ?
Silver gold and platinum
Whats a salt?
A compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal or ammonium ions
Whats is the product of a reaction between metal+acid?
A salt+ hydrogen
What salt is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal ?
Chloride
What salt is produce when sulphuric acid reacts with a metal?
Sulfate
What salt is produced when nitric acid reacts with a metal?
Nitrate
Base
Compounds that neutralise acids
Alkalis
Bases that are soluble in water
What are the products of a reaction between acid+base(alkali) ?
A salt+ water
What is the product of a reaction between acid+ a carbonate?
A salt + water+ carbon dioxide
Acids
Substances that contain hydrogen and produce H+ (aq) ions when you add to water
Whats the difference between a concentrated solution and a dilute solution?
A conc solution contains a greater amount of the solute in the same volume than a dilute solution
Why do we not react alkali (group 1) metals with acid?
Reaction would be too violent and not safe
Why do we dilute solutions? And what with?
We dilute with water (or another solvent) to make it weaker and safer
What are strong acids?
Harmful when conc have to be diluted
What are weak acids?
Not harmful when diluted or even sometimes when concentrated
What must acids dissolve in before they can show their properties?why?
Water, as in water all acids are ionised
What happens when weak acids dissolve in water?
They do not ionise most of the time and even if they do they reaction is reversible
What ions do acids release when dissolved in water?
H+(aq)
Give an example of a strong acid?
Hydrochloric acid
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid
Give an example of a weak acid?
Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Carbonic acid
What would the pH value be for a conc of H+(aq) ions of 0.10?
1.0
What would the pH value be for a conc of H+(aq) ions of 0.010?
2.0
What is the conc of H+(aq) ions when the pH value is 3.0?
0.0010
