C2- The Periodic Table

Question 1

How did John Dalton arrange the elements on the periodic table in 1808?

Answer 1

In order of atomic mass

Question 2

How did John Newlands arrange the elements on the periodic table in 1864?

Answer 2

In order of atomic mass and but started a new row every eight elements (law of octaves) as he notices the properties every eighth element was similar

Question 3

Why did scientist not accept John Newlands’ ideas on the periodic table ?

Answer 3

• Because his law of octaves only worked up to calcium then broke apart
• some boxes had 2 elements in them
• he was not well-known/ respected scientist

Question 4

How did Dimitri Mendeleev arrange the elements in the periodic table?

Answer 4

Arranged the 50 discovered elements in atomic mass but arranged them so that a periodic (regular occurring) pattern could be seen.
He left gaps

Question 5

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps?

Answer 5

To make sure that elements with the same properties stayed in the same group, including the undiscovered ones

Question 6

Whats did the discovery of the structure of the atom in the early 20th century show about the periodic table ?

Answer 6

That elements were in order of atomic (proton) number

Question 7

What did the discovery of isotopes help explain about the periodic table?

Answer 7

The oddly heavy atomic mass of elements

Question 8

Whats the max number of electrons in the first shell of an atom?

Answer 8

2 electrons

Question 9

What do the number of electrons in an atoms outermost shell determine?

Answer 9

Its chemical properties

Question 10

Whats does the group number tell us about the atoms structure?

Answer 10

The number of electrons its outer most shell

Question 11

Do non metals gain or lose electrons

Answer 11

Gain

Question 12

Do metals lose or gain electrons

Answer 12

Lose

Question 13

Why are the noble gases (group 0) inert?

Answer 13

Don’t react with much as they have a full outermost shell

Question 14

Periodic pattern

Answer 14

A regularly occurring pattern

Question 15

What happens do the reactivity of the alkali metals (group1) as they go down the group?

Answer 15

Increases

Question 16

What is produced when alkali metals react with water?

Answer 16

Hydrogen and an alkaline solution containing metal hydroxide

Question 17

What is produced when alkali metals react with non metals?

Answer 17

Form 1+ ions to make ionic compounds

Question 18

What is formed when alkali metals react with chlorine?

Answer 18

A salt

Question 19

Describe the appearance of Fluorine

Answer 19

Pale yellow gas

Question 20

Describe the appearance of chlorine

Answer 20

Pale green gas

Question 21

Describe the appearance of Bromine

Answer 21

Red-brown liquid

Question 22

Describe the appearance of Iodine

Answer 22

Grey solid or purple vapour

Question 23

Which of the halogens is radioactive ?

Answer 23

Astatine

Question 24

What ions are produced when halogens react with metals ?

Answer 24

Form 1- ions (called halides)

Question 25

What happens when halogens react with non metals

Answer 25

Form covalent bonds (sharing electrons)

Question 26

Whats the rule for displacement of halogens?

Answer 26

A more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive one from one of its salts

Question 27

Which 3 factors decide how easy it is for atoms to gain or lose electrons?

Answer 27

- distance between outermost shell electrons and the nucleus - the number of energy levels (shells) which provide protection - the nuclear charge (this one is overweighted by the other 2 factors)

Question 28

(Group1) the outer electron gets easier to _______ going down the group, and the elements become more reactive as the ______________________ due to the increased number of _______

Answer 28

Lose Attraction from the nucleus is weak Inner shells

Question 29

Explain trend of electron attraction in halogens down the group

Answer 29

Going down the group its harder to gain an electron as the outermost shell's electrons get further away from the attractive force of the nucleus

Question 30

What happens to the reactivity of halogens (group 7)as you go down the group?

Answer 30

Decreases

Question 31

Explain how the loss of electrons changes in Alkali metals going down the group?

Answer 31

The outer electron gets easier to remove going down the group as the attractive forces from the nucleus decreases the bigger the atom