c.5 Chemical changes Flashcards
How do metal oxides form?
Metals react with oxygen in an oxidation reaction
What is reduction?
Loss of oxygen/gain of electrons
What is oxidation?
Gain of oxygen/loss of electrons
What happens to metals when they react with other substances?
Metal atoms form positive ions
What is the reactivity of a metal determined by?
The tendency to make positive ions
List metals in order of reactivity
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper
Which two nonmetals are often included in the reactivity series?
Hydrogen and carbon
How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted from their oxides?
Reduction with carbon
What is typically made when an acid reacts with some metals?
Salts and hydrogen
How can acids be neutralised?
Adding it to an alkali
What is the general word equation for metals reacting with an acid?
Metal + acid = salt + hydrogen
What is an example of an alkali?
Soluble metal hydroxide
What is an example of a base?
Insoluble metal hydroxides and metal oxides
What is the general word equation for a metal hydroxide reacting with an acid?
Metal hydroxide + acid = salt + water
What is the general word equation for metal carbonate reacting with an acid?
Metal oxide + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the general word equation for metal oxide reacting with an acid?
Metal oxide + acid = salt + water
What type of salt does hydrochloric acid produce?
Chlorine
What type of salt does sulphuric acid produce?
Sulphate
What type of salt does nitric acid produce?
Nitrate
How can a soluble salt be made?
Add acid in excess to solid insoluble substance such as metal metal oxide carbonate or the hydroxide and filter off the access crystallise the salt solution made
What type of ions do acids produce in the solution?
H+
What type of ions do alkalis produce in solution?
OH-
What is the pH scale?
A scale from 0 to 14 that is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
What can be used to measure pH?
Universal indicator or pH probe
