c.5 Chemical changes

Question 1

How do metal oxides form?

Answer 1

Metals react with oxygen in an oxidation reaction

Question 2

What is reduction?

Answer 2

Loss of oxygen/gain of electrons

Question 3

What is oxidation?

Answer 3

Gain of oxygen/loss of electrons

Question 4

What happens to metals when they react with other substances?

Answer 4

Metal atoms form positive ions

Question 5

What is the reactivity of a metal determined by?

Answer 5

The tendency to make positive ions

Question 6

List metals in order of reactivity

Answer 6

Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper

Question 7

Which two nonmetals are often included in the reactivity series?

Answer 7

Hydrogen and carbon

Question 8

How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted from their oxides?

Answer 8

Reduction with carbon

Question 9

What is typically made when an acid reacts with some metals?

Answer 9

Salts and hydrogen

Question 10

How can acids be neutralised?

Answer 10

Adding it to an alkali

Question 11

What is the general word equation for metals reacting with an acid?

Answer 11

Metal + acid = salt + hydrogen

Question 12

What is an example of an alkali?

Answer 12

Soluble metal hydroxide

Question 13

What is an example of a base?

Answer 13

Insoluble metal hydroxides and metal oxides

Question 14

What is the general word equation for a metal hydroxide reacting with an acid?

Answer 14

Metal hydroxide + acid = salt + water

Question 15

What is the general word equation for metal carbonate reacting with an acid?

Answer 15

Metal oxide + acid = salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 16

What is the general word equation for metal oxide reacting with an acid?

Answer 16

Metal oxide + acid = salt + water

Question 17

What type of salt does hydrochloric acid produce?

Answer 17

Chlorine

Question 18

What type of salt does sulphuric acid produce?

Answer 18

Sulphate

Question 19

What type of salt does nitric acid produce?

Answer 19

Nitrate

Question 20

How can a soluble salt be made?

Answer 20

Add acid in excess to solid insoluble substance such as metal metal oxide carbonate or the hydroxide and filter off the access crystallise the salt solution made

Question 21

What type of ions do acids produce in the solution?

Answer 21

H+

Question 22

What type of ions do alkalis produce in solution?

Answer 22

OH-

Question 23

What is the pH scale?

Answer 23

A scale from 0 to 14 that is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 24

What can be used to measure pH?

Answer 24

Universal indicator or pH probe

Question 25

What is a pH of seven?

Answer 25

Neutral solution

Question 26

What is a pH value less than seven?

Answer 26

Acidic solution

Question 27

What is a pH value more than seven?

Answer 27

Alkali solution

Question 28

What happens during the neutralisation reaction?

Answer 28

Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to make water

Question 29

Write an equation to represent a neutralisation reaction

Answer 29

H+ (aq) + OH+ (aq) = H*2O (l)