c3. structure and bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What are three types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds

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2
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond between a metal and nonmetal in which electrons has been exchanged

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3
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond between two nonmetals in which electrons are shared

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4
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

A bond between metal atoms in which electrons are delocalised

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5
Q

How does an ionic compound form?

A

The metal loses electrons to get a full outer shell becoming a positively charged ion while the non-metal gains electrons becoming a negatively charged ion. The opposite charge ions are electrostatically attracted to each other.

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6
Q

What is the charge of an ion from group one

A

+1

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7
Q

What is the charge of an ion from group 2?

A

+2

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8
Q

What is the charge of an ion from group 6?

A

-2

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9
Q

What is a charge of an ion from group 7?

A

-2

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10
Q

What is the charge of an ion from group 7?

A

-1

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11
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A giant structure of ions which are held together by a strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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12
Q

What is the state symbol for a solid?

A

(s)

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13
Q

What is the state symbol for a liquid?

A

(l)

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14
Q

What is the state symbol for a gas?

A

(g)

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15
Q

What is the state symbol for a solution?

A

(aq)

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16
Q

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

A

High melting and boiling point don’t conduct electricity when solid but due when molten or dissolved

17
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

A

Strong bonds between molecules which takes lots of energy to overcome

18
Q

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid?

A

Ions are unable to move freely

19
Q

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved?

A

Ions are free so able to move freely

20
Q

What are the properties of simple molecules?

A

Low melting and boiling point poor conductors

21
Q

Why do simple molecules have low melting and boiling points?

A

Weak bonds between the molecules and so little energy is needed to overcome these bonds

22
Q

What are example of giant covalent structures?

A

Diamond and graphite

23
Q

What is the structure of diamond?

A

Each carbon atom is convolently bonded to 4 others in giant structures

24
Q

What is the structure of graphite

A

Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 others in giant structure

25
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
It has three electrons to move
26
Why do diamond and graphite have high melting and boiling points?
Strong covalent bonds between atoms which take lots of energy to overcome
27
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite
28
What are the properties of graphene?
Conducts electricity and strong
29
What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
30