c1. atomic stucture Flashcards

1
Q

what are all substances made of?

A

atoms

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2
Q

what is an atom?

A

smallest part of an element that can exist

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3
Q

how are atoms represented?

A

chemical symbols

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4
Q

how many elements are there?

A

about 100

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5
Q

how are compounds formed?

A

from elements by a chemical reactions

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6
Q

what is a chemical reaction?

A

they involve the formation of one or more new substances and often involve a detectable energy change.

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7
Q

what are compounds?

A

substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

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8
Q

How can compounds be separated into elements?

A

chemical reactions

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9
Q

what is a mixture?

A

Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together the properties of each substance is an unchanged.

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10
Q

how can mixtures be separated?

A

Filtration crystallisation simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography

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11
Q

What model of the atom was developed following the discovery of an electron?

A

Plum pudding model

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12
Q

Describe the plum pudding model of the atom

A

Fall of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

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13
Q

What was concluded from the alpha particle scattering experiment?

A

The mass of the atom was concentrated at the centre and the nucleus was charged

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14
Q

What model replaced the plum pudding model?

A

Nuclear model

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15
Q

How did Niels bohr adapt the nucleus model?

A

He suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

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16
Q

What did the experimental work of James Chadwick prove?

A

The existence of neutrons in the nucleus

17
Q

What is the relative charge of the proton

18
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

19
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

20
Q

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

A

The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus

21
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

22
Q

What is the radius of an atom?

A

0.1nm or 1x10*-3m

23
Q

What is the radius of a nucleus?

24
Q

What is the mass of protons and neutrons?

25
Q

What is the mass of electrons?

A

negligible

26
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

27
Q

How many electrons can occupy the first shell of an atom?

28
Q

How many electrons can occupy the second cell of an atom?

29
Q

How many electrons can occupy the third shell of an atom?