C5: Chemical Change Flashcards
State the reactivity series in order.
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
(Carbon)
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
(Hydrogen)
Cooper
Silver
Good
Platinum
What metals use electrolysis to be extracted?
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
What metals are extracted by heating with carbon?
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
What metals are found native not in a metal ore?
Cooper
Silver
Good
Platinum
How do potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with water?
They fizz, sparks giving off hydrogen leaving behind an alkali.
How do potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with dilute acid?
Explode
How do magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with water?
Very slow reaction
How do magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with dilute acid?
Fizz, giving off hydrogen gas and forming salt.
How does tin and lead react with water?
Slight reaction with steam (cause it’s hot)
How does tin and lead react with dilute acid?
They react slowly with warm acid.
How does copper, silver, gold and platinum react with water?
No reaction
How does copper, silver, gold and platinum react with dilute acid?
No reaction
What type of acids are there?
Sulphuric acid
Phosphoric acid
Nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Asparatic acid - vitamin C
Acid + water —-> ?
salt + hydrogen
Acid + metal oxide —-> ?
Salt + water
Acid + metal hydroxide —-> ?
salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate —->
salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the equation for metal + air?
Metal + oxygen —-> metal oxides
What is the equation for metal + water?
Metal + water —-> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What observations would you make in a displacement reaction?
State changes, colour changes,
What metals does carbon displace?
Zinc, iron, lead, copper, silver, gold, platinum
What metals does hydrogen displace?
Cooper, silver, gold, platinum
What are some metals more reactive?
Reactive metals have a greater tendency to form (or remain as) positive ions than less reactive metals which makes a metal more reactive.
What does oxidation mean?
Loss of electrons (becoming more positively charged).
What does reduction mean?
Gain of electrons (becoming more negatively charged).
What is neutralisation?
When an acid and a base react to form water and salt.
What is the ionic equation for neutralisation?
H+ + OH- —> H2O
How can you change the pH of a base to neutral?
By adding an acid to it slowly.
What colour do acids turn?
Red/ orange/ yellow
What colour do bases turn?
Blue/ purple/ green
How can we change the concentration of a substance?
by adding water
If an acid is able to fully deionise/ dissociate then it is classified as a…
strong acid
If an acid only partially deionises/ dissociates then it’s classified as a…
weak acid
What is a pH scale?
the measure of acidity and alkalinity. It indicates the strength of acids and alkalis.
Water can be an acid and an alkali/ base. What word is used to describe this?
amphoteric
