C3 - Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What are the complex ions?
Carbonate
Sulphate
Nitrate
Hydroxide
Ammonium
If the ion ends in -ide what does that mean?
It is on its one (Me myself and -ide) funny haha
If an ion ends in -ate what does that mean?
It has a mate haha funny
What is an isotope?
It is atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and therefore different atomic masses.
What process do you use to go from a solid to liquid?
melting
What process do you use to go from a liquid to gas?
evaporation or boiling
What process do you use to go from a gas to liquid?
condensing
What process do you use to go from a liquid to solid?
freezing
What process do you use to go from a solid to gas?
sublimination e.g. dry ice
What are diatomic molecules?
Elements that can’t be alone e.g. oxygen (oxide), chlorine(chloride),
Compounds made up of ions are called what?
Ionic compounds
How are ionic compounds held together?
By strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Because it takes a lot of energy to break the many strong ionic bonds
What state are ionic compounds at room temperature?
Solid
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water?
Because their ions can then become mobile and can carry charge through the liquid
What are some properties of ionic compounds?
conducts electricity
high melting point
solid at room temperature
soluble in water
How are ionic bonds formed?
between a non-metal and a metal- opposites attract
What is covalent bonding?
When they share electrons to become stronger
What are some properties of covalent bonds?
the bonds between the covalent molecules is extremely weak.
the bonds within the covalent molecules is very strong.
What is the bonding in a molecule held together by?
the attraction of the shared electrons and the oppositely charge nuclei.
What does intramolecular mean?
bonding within/ ripping apart
What does intermolecular mean?
bonding between/ separating
When showing covalent bonding, what do we call the diagrams?
dot and cross diagrams
Do covalent bonds conduct electricity?
no because there are no free electrons to move
What is the structure of fullerene?
spherical and each carbon is bonded to 3 others.
What is the structure of diamond?
tetrahedral and each carbon bonded to 4 others
what is the structure of graphite?
layers joined by weak intermolecular forces and each carbon is bonded to 3 others.
What are the properties of fullerene?
lightweight, hollow, carcinogenic(cancer causing), fire resistant, man-made,
What are the properties of diamond?
very hard, shiny/sparkly, high melting point,
What are the properties of graphite?
slippery, weak, conductive, high melting point,
What is fullerene used for?
solar panels
What are diamonds used for?
jewellery, cutting machinery
What is graphite used for?
pencils, lubricants, electrical conductors
Since diamond, graphite and fullerene are all made of carbon what are they known as?
allotropes
What is the bond for metallic bonding?
Metal + Metal
What are some properties of metals?
Strong, shiny, high melting and boiling points, malleable (mouldable), ductile, electrical and thermal conductors
What’s the shape of metallic bonding?
Lattice
Metres to micrometres ?
X 1,000,000
Metres to nanometres?
X 1,000,000,000
Micrometres to nanometres?
X 1,000
What is nanotechnology?
Technology or really small things
Why do we use nanoparticles?
Cheaper, no waste
What dangers does nanotechnology bring?
Since it’s new they aren’t sure if it works, not sure about long term dangers and nanoparticles could go into your blood stream because of how small nanoparticles are compared to a blood cell.
