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GCSE chemistry > C5 > Flashcards

C5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is conserved in chemical reactions

A

Energy is conserved.

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2
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

One that transfers energy to its surroundings meaning the temperature of it’s surroundings increases

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3
Q

Example of exothermic reaction

A

Handwamers

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4
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

One that takes energy from it’s surroundings meaning it looses tempertature

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5
Q

Example of endothermic reaction

A

Thermal decompositions

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6
Q

What is a requirment of a chemical reaction

A

When reacting particles collide with eachother and with sufficient energy

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7
Q

What energy is needed for a reaction to occur

A

Activation energy

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8
Q

What happens during a chemical reaction

A

Energy is supplied to break bonds in the reactants and energy is released when bonds in the products are formed

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9
Q

How to find overall energy change of a reaction

A

Difference between sum of energy needed to break bond in reactants and sum of energy released when bonds in the products are formed

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10
Q

What can you calculate with bond energies

A

Energy needed to break bonds and energy release when bonds are created

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11
Q

Required practical 8

A

Making a copper salt

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12
Q

Aim of making a copper salt (RP)

A

To prepare a sample of copper sulfate bt reacting sulfuric acid with copper

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13
Q

Health and safety for RP8

A

Eye protection, only warm acid gently (do not boilJ

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14
Q

Step 1 RP

A

Add insoluable copper oxide to sulfuric acid and stir. Warm gently with on tripod and gauze

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15
Q

Step 2 RP

A

As reaction is completing, it will turn blue showing copper sulfate is being formed. When reaction is complete, filter solution to remove excess copper oxide.

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16
Q

Step 3 RP

A

Heat copper sulfate solution over boiling water which is over a bunsen burner on a tripod. Then after this, leave for a week and see crystals form

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17
Q

What type of salt is formed with sulfuric acid

A

Sulfate

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18
Q

What type of salt is formed with nitric acid

A

Nitrate

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19
Q

What type of salt is formed with hydrochloric acid

A

Chloride

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20
Q

What is reduction

A

When you remove carbon dioxide or oxygen from a compound

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21
Q

Oxidation

A

Losing electrons

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22
Q

Reduction

A

Gaining electrons

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23
Q

How do you know if a substance is an Alkali

A

When it’s solution has a pH value above 7

24
Q

How do you know if a substance is an acid

A

When dissolved in water, it’s solution has a pH value less than 7

25
Q

What is a base

A

The oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as one of the products

26
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in one of its compounds or in solution

27
Q

What is Electrolysis

A

The breakdown of a substance containing ions by electricity

28
Q

What is equilibrium

A

The point in a reversible reaction at which the forward and backward rates of reaction are the same

29
Q

What is an ionic equation

A

An equation that shows only those ions or atoms that change in a chemical reaction

30
Q

What is a metal ore

A

A rock that contains enough of a metal or metal compound that is worth extracting the metal

31
Q

What is a neutral

A

A solution with a pH 7 so neither an acid or alkali

32
Q

What is neutralisation

A

The chemical reaction of an acid with a base in which a salt and water are formed

33
Q

Acid + metal

A

Salt + hydrogen

34
Q

Acid + base

A

Salt + water

35
Q

Acid + alkali

A

Salt + water

36
Q

Acid + carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

37
Q

3 examples of strong acids

A

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid

38
Q

3 examples of weak acids

A

Ethanoic acid, citric acid, carbonic acid

39
Q

What does the concentration of H+ (aq) ion increasing by a factor of 10 result int

A

The pH value decreasing by 1 unit

40
Q

What does an acid need to be mixed with for it to be ionised

A

Aqueous solution

41
Q

What do strong acids do in water

A

Ionise completely

42
Q

What do weak acids not do in solition

A

Ionise completely

43
Q

What happens when the concentration of H+ is higher

A

The rate of reaction will be faster

44
Q

Of the same concentration, what is more reactive strong or weak acids

45
Q

Equation for strong acid

A

HCl —-> H+ + Cl-

46
Q

Equation for weak acid

A

CH3COOH —-> <——- H+ + CH3OO-

47
Q

What is the pH in an acid or alkali a measure of

A

Of the concentration of H+ ions in the solution

48
Q

Every decrease of 1 on the pH scale….

A

The concentration of H+ ions in the soltion increases by a factor of 10

49
Q

What does acid strength tell you

A

What proportion of acid molecules ionise in water

50
Q

What does the concentration measure

A

How much acid there is in a certain volume of water

51
Q

The larger amounts of acid there is in a certain volume…

A

The more concentrated the acid is

52
Q

Reaction of potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium with water

A

Fizz, give off hydrogen gas

53
Q

Reaction of magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron with water

A

Very slow reaction

54
Q

How do tin and lead react with water

A

Slight reaction with steam

55
Q

How do copper silver and gold react with water

A

No reaction, even with steam

56
Q

What is the reactivity series

A

List of metals in order of their reactivity towards ther substances

GCSE chemistry (10 decks)

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