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GCSE chemistry > C5 > Flashcards

C5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is conserved in chemical reactions

A

Energy is conserved.

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2
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

One that transfers energy to its surroundings meaning the temperature of it’s surroundings increases

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3
Q

Example of exothermic reaction

A

Handwamers

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4
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

One that takes energy from it’s surroundings meaning it looses tempertature

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5
Q

Example of endothermic reaction

A

Thermal decompositions

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6
Q

What is a requirment of a chemical reaction

A

When reacting particles collide with eachother and with sufficient energy

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7
Q

What energy is needed for a reaction to occur

A

Activation energy

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8
Q

What happens during a chemical reaction

A

Energy is supplied to break bonds in the reactants and energy is released when bonds in the products are formed

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9
Q

How to find overall energy change of a reaction

A

Difference between sum of energy needed to break bond in reactants and sum of energy released when bonds in the products are formed

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10
Q

What can you calculate with bond energies

A

Energy needed to break bonds and energy release when bonds are created

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11
Q

Required practical 8

A

Making a copper salt

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12
Q

Aim of making a copper salt (RP)

A

To prepare a sample of copper sulfate bt reacting sulfuric acid with copper

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13
Q

Health and safety for RP8

A

Eye protection, only warm acid gently (do not boilJ

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14
Q

Step 1 RP

A

Add insoluable copper oxide to sulfuric acid and stir. Warm gently with on tripod and gauze

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15
Q

Step 2 RP

A

As reaction is completing, it will turn blue showing copper sulfate is being formed. When reaction is complete, filter solution to remove excess copper oxide.

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16
Q

Step 3 RP

A

Heat copper sulfate solution over boiling water which is over a bunsen burner on a tripod. Then after this, leave for a week and see crystals form

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17
Q

What type of salt is formed with sulfuric acid

A

Sulfate

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18
Q

What type of salt is formed with nitric acid

A

Nitrate

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19
Q

What type of salt is formed with hydrochloric acid

A

Chloride

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20
Q

What is reduction

A

When you remove carbon dioxide or oxygen from a compound

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21
Q

Oxidation

A

Losing electrons

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22
Q

Reduction

A

Gaining electrons

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23
Q

How do you know if a substance is an Alkali

A

When it’s solution has a pH value above 7

24
Q

How do you know if a substance is an acid

A

When dissolved in water, it’s solution has a pH value less than 7

25
What is a base
The oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as one of the products
26
What is a displacement reaction
A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in one of its compounds or in solution
27
What is Electrolysis
The breakdown of a substance containing ions by electricity
28
What is equilibrium
The point in a reversible reaction at which the forward and backward rates of reaction are the same
29
What is an ionic equation
An equation that shows only those ions or atoms that change in a chemical reaction
30
What is a metal ore
A rock that contains enough of a metal or metal compound that is worth extracting the metal
31
What is a neutral
A solution with a pH 7 so neither an acid or alkali
32
What is neutralisation
The chemical reaction of an acid with a base in which a salt and water are formed
33
Acid + metal
Salt + hydrogen
34
Acid + base
Salt + water
35
Acid + alkali
Salt + water
36
Acid + carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
37
3 examples of strong acids
Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid
38
3 examples of weak acids
Ethanoic acid, citric acid, carbonic acid
39
What does the concentration of H+ (aq) ion increasing by a factor of 10 result int
The pH value decreasing by 1 unit
40
What does an acid need to be mixed with for it to be ionised
Aqueous solution
41
What do strong acids do in water
Ionise completely
42
What do weak acids not do in solition
Ionise completely
43
What happens when the concentration of H+ is higher
The rate of reaction will be faster
44
Of the same concentration, what is more reactive strong or weak acids
Strong
45
Equation for strong acid
HCl ----> H+ + Cl-
46
Equation for weak acid
CH3COOH ----> <------- H+ + CH3OO-
47
What is the pH in an acid or alkali a measure of
Of the concentration of H+ ions in the solution
48
Every decrease of 1 on the pH scale....
The concentration of H+ ions in the soltion increases by a factor of 10
49
What does acid strength tell you
What proportion of acid molecules ionise in water
50
What does the concentration measure
How much acid there is in a certain volume of water
51
The larger amounts of acid there is in a certain volume...
The more concentrated the acid is
52
Reaction of potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium with water
Fizz, give off hydrogen gas
53
Reaction of magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron with water
Very slow reaction
54
How do tin and lead react with water
Slight reaction with steam
55
How do copper silver and gold react with water
No reaction, even with steam
56
What is the reactivity series
List of metals in order of their reactivity towards ther substances

GCSE chemistry (10 decks)

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