C1

Question 1

What are atoms made from

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

What is an atoms radius

Answer 2

0,1 nanometer

Question 3

Where is the nucleus in the atom and what does it contain

Answer 3

Middle and contains protons and neutrons

Question 4

What is the radius of a nucleus

Answer 4

1x10^-14

Question 5

What charge is the nucleus and why

Answer 5

Positive charge because it contains protons and neutrons

Question 6

Relative mass of proton

Answer 6

1

Question 7

Relative mass of neutron

Answer 7

1

Question 8

Relative mass of electeon

Answer 8

Very small

Question 9

Relative charge of proton

Answer 9

1

Question 10

Relative charge of neutron

Answer 10

0

Question 11

Relative charge of electron

Answer 11

-1

Question 12

How do you know the number of protons and electrons of an element

Answer 12

Atomic number (bottom number of nuclear symbol)

Question 13

How do you find the mass number

Answer 13

Protons + nuetrons

Question 14

How to find number of neutrons

Answer 14

Top number (mass number) - bottom number (atomic number)

Question 15

What is an atoms overall charge?

Answer 15

0 because they have the same amount of protons and electrons

Question 16

Who was the first scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

Answer 16

John dalton - start of 19th century
Said atoms were solid spheres

Question 17

Who was the second scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

Answer 17

JJ Thomson - 1897 - plum pudding model, believed the atom is a ball of charge with electrons scattered

Question 18

Who was the third scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

Answer 18

Ernest rutherford, 1909, alpha scattering experiment - mass comentrated in the centre, the nucleus is charged, most of the mass is in the nucleus. Most atoms are empty space

Question 19

Who was the fourth scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

Answer 19

Niels bohr, 1911, discovered electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus

Question 20

Who was the 5th scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

Answer 20

James chadwich, 1940, discovered that there are neutrons in the nuecles

Question 21

Where are electrons found in an atom

Answer 21

Shells

Question 22

How many electrons do the first, second shell contain

Answer 22

2,8

Question 23

What is an element

Answer 23

Substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nuclues

Question 24

How are compounds created

Answer 24

When atoms combine with other apms

Question 25

If the element loses electrons it forms a

Answer 25

Positive ion

Question 26

Is an element gains electrons it forms a

Answer 26

Negative ion

Question 27

What is covalent bonding

Answer 27

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs betweenatoms

Question 28

How are ions made

Answer 28

When electrons are transfered

Question 29

Why does an element form an ion

Answer 29

They are trying to gain a full outershell. This is because the element is trying to becine more stable

Question 30

Group 1 ionic form

Answer 30

+1 making a negative ion

Question 31

Group 2 ionic form

Answer 31

+2 - negstive ion

Question 32

Group 3 ionic form

Answer 32

+3 negative ion

Question 33

Group 4 ionic form

Answer 33

+/-4 negative or positive ion

Question 34

Group 5 ionic form

Answer 34

-3 positive ion

Question 35

Group 6 ionic form

Answer 35

-2 positive ion

Question 36

Group 7 ionic for

Answer 36

-1 positive ion

Question 37

Importance of symbol equation?

Answer 37

Helps you see how much of each substance is involved in a reaction

Question 38

Law of conservation of mass:

Answer 38

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

Question 39

How can the law of conservation of mass be broken?

Answer 39

When reactions are carried out in open containers (e.g. test tubes or conical flasks)

Question 40

Features of Compounds

Answer 40

-have a fixed composition -chemical reactions must be used to seperate the elements -chemical bonds between atoms

Question 41

Features of mixtures:

Answer 41

-no fixed composition -the different elements can be seperated more easily -no chemical bonds between atoms of different substances

Question 42

Filtration:

Answer 42

-used to seperate substances that are insoluable in a particular solvent from those are soluble in the solvent -e.g. a mixture of sand, salt

Question 43

Crystalisation:

Answer 43

-to obtain a pure sample of salt from the solution following filtration

Question 44

Distillation:

Answer 44

-a solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent. The vapor given off then enters a condenser. The hot vapour is cooled and condensed back to a liquid for collection

Question 45

Evaporation method:

Answer 45

1) pour solution into evaporating basin 2) slowly heat solution 3) the solvent will evaporate and crystals will start to form 4) keep heating dish until only crystals are left

Question 46

Filtration to separate rock salt method:

Answer 46

1) grind the mixture to make sure the salt crystals are small 2) put the mixture in water and stir until the salt dissolves (sand won't dissolve) 3) filter the mixture and the grains of sand will collect in the filter paper (salt passes through) 4) evaporate water from salt so it forms dry crystals

Question 47

Simple distillation method to separate solutions:

Answer 47

1) solution is heated and solution with lowest BP evaporates first 2) the vapour is cooled, condensed and collected 3) rest of solution is left in flask

Question 48

What can simple distillation be used for?

Answer 48

To get pure water from seawater

Question 49

Problem with simple distillation:

Answer 49

You can only seperate things with very different boiling points