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GCSE chemistry > C1 > Flashcards

C1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms made from

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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2
Q

What is an atoms radius

A

0,1 nanometer

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3
Q

Where is the nucleus in the atom and what does it contain

A

Middle and contains protons and neutrons

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4
Q

What is the radius of a nucleus

A

1x10^-14

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5
Q

What charge is the nucleus and why

A

Positive charge because it contains protons and neutrons

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6
Q

Relative mass of proton

A

1

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7
Q

Relative mass of neutron

A

1

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8
Q

Relative mass of electeon

A

Very small

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9
Q

Relative charge of proton

A

1

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10
Q

Relative charge of neutron

A

0

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11
Q

Relative charge of electron

A

-1

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12
Q

How do you know the number of protons and electrons of an element

A

Atomic number (bottom number of nuclear symbol)

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13
Q

How do you find the mass number

A

Protons + nuetrons

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14
Q

How to find number of neutrons

A

Top number (mass number) - bottom number (atomic number)

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15
Q

What is an atoms overall charge?

A

0 because they have the same amount of protons and electrons

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16
Q

Who was the first scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

A

John dalton - start of 19th century
Said atoms were solid spheres

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17
Q

Who was the second scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

A

JJ Thomson - 1897 - plum pudding model, believed the atom is a ball of charge with electrons scattered

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18
Q

Who was the third scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

A

Ernest rutherford, 1909, alpha scattering experiment - mass comentrated in the centre, the nucleus is charged, most of the mass is in the nucleus. Most atoms are empty space

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19
Q

Who was the fourth scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

A

Niels bohr, 1911, discovered electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus

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20
Q

Who was the 5th scientist to discover an atom, what year and what did he discover

A

James chadwich, 1940, discovered that there are neutrons in the nuecles

21
Q

Where are electrons found in an atom

A

Shells

22
Q

How many electrons do the first, second shell contain

A

2,8

23
Q

What is an element

A

Substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nuclues

24
Q

How are compounds created

A

When atoms combine with other apms

25
Q

If the element loses electrons it forms a

A

Positive ion

26
Q

Is an element gains electrons it forms a

A

Negative ion

27
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs betweenatoms

28
Q

How are ions made

A

When electrons are transfered

29
Q

Why does an element form an ion

A

They are trying to gain a full outershell. This is because the element is trying to becine more stable

30
Q

Group 1 ionic form

A

+1 making a negative ion

31
Q

Group 2 ionic form

A

+2 - negstive ion

32
Q

Group 3 ionic form

A

+3 negative ion

33
Q

Group 4 ionic form

A

+/-4 negative or positive ion

34
Q

Group 5 ionic form

A

-3 positive ion

35
Q

Group 6 ionic form

A

-2 positive ion

36
Q

Group 7 ionic for

A

-1 positive ion

37
Q

Importance of symbol equation?

A

Helps you see how much of each substance is involved in a reaction

38
Q

Law of conservation of mass:

A

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

39
Q

How can the law of conservation of mass be broken?

A

When reactions are carried out in open containers (e.g. test tubes or conical flasks)

40
Q

Features of Compounds

A

-have a fixed composition
-chemical reactions must be used to seperate the elements
-chemical bonds between atoms

41
Q

Features of mixtures:

A

-no fixed composition
-the different elements can be seperated more easily
-no chemical bonds between atoms of different substances

42
Q

Filtration:

A

-used to seperate substances that are insoluable in a particular solvent from those are soluble in the solvent
-e.g. a mixture of sand, salt

43
Q

Crystalisation:

A

-to obtain a pure sample of salt from the solution following filtration

44
Q

Distillation:

A

-a solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent. The vapor given off then enters a condenser. The hot vapour is cooled and condensed back to a liquid for collection

45
Q

Evaporation method:

A

1) pour solution into evaporating basin
2) slowly heat solution
3) the solvent will evaporate and crystals will start to form
4) keep heating dish until only crystals are left

46
Q

Filtration to separate rock salt method:

A

1) grind the mixture to make sure the salt crystals are small
2) put the mixture in water and stir until the salt dissolves (sand won’t dissolve)
3) filter the mixture and the grains of sand will collect in the filter paper (salt passes through)
4) evaporate water from salt so it forms dry crystals

47
Q

Simple distillation method to separate solutions:

A

1) solution is heated and solution with lowest BP evaporates first
2) the vapour is cooled, condensed and collected
3) rest of solution is left in flask

48
Q

What can simple distillation be used for?

A

To get pure water from seawater

49
Q

Problem with simple distillation:

A

You can only seperate things with very different boiling points

GCSE chemistry (10 decks)

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