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Chemistry > C5 > Flashcards

C5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Reactivity

A

A measure of how reactive a substance is

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2
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state of balance between opposing forces or actions

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3
Q

Reactivity series

A

A list of elements arranged in order of reactivity, with the most reactive
elements at the top and the least reactive elements at the bottom

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4
Q 
Limiting reactant (HT 
only)
A

The reactant in a chemical reaction that is completely used up and therefore
limits the amount of products

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5
Q

Collision Theory

A

The theory that explains how various factors affect rates of reaction.
Chemical reactions can occur only when reacting particles collide with each
other and with sufficient energy

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6
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy that particles must have to react

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7
Q

Chemical change

A

A change in which one or more new substances are produced

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8
Q

Oxidisation

A

The loss of electrons from a substance or the gain of oxygen by a substance

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9
Q

Reduction

A

The gain of electrons by a substance or the loss of oxygen from a substance

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10
Q

Redox reaction

A

A reaction in which one substance is reduced and another is oxidised

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11
Q

Dilute

A

A solution with a small number of molecules of a substance in a given volume

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12
Q

Ionic equation

A

shows only the atoms and ions that changes in a reaction.

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13
Q

Half equation

A

A symbol equation that shows how individual atoms or ions gain or lose
electrons

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14
Q

Ores

A

Rocks from which it is economical to extract the metals that they contain

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15
Q

Metal ore

A

Naturally occurring rocks that contain metals or metal compounds in
sufficient amounts to make it worthwhile extracting them

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16
Q

Mining

A

The process of obtaining minerals from the Earth

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17
Q

Metal Oxide

A

A chemical compound formed when a metal reacts with oxygen. It produces a
salt and water when it reacts with an acid

18
Q

Metal carbonate

A

A type of base characterised by the presence of a carbonate ion (CO3
2-). It
produces a salt, water and carbon dioxide when it reacts with an acid

19
Q

Metal hydroxide

A

A type of base characterised by the presence of a hydroxide ion (OH-
). It
produces a salt and water when it reacts with an acid

20
Q

Carbonate ion

A

An ion with the formula CO3
2-. Compounds containing this ion are called
carbonates

21
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate

22
Q

Limewater

A

An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. It turns milky (cloudy) in the
presence of carbon dioxide

23
Q

Neutralisation reaction

A 
A reaction between an acid and a base or an acid and an alkali, forming a salt 
and water (Acid + Base - a salt + water)
24
Q

Neutral

A

A substance with a pH of 7

25
Q

Alkali

A

Substances that produce more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions when
dissolved in water

26
Q

Alkaline

A

Alkalis form alkaline solutions in water. Alkalis produce hydroxide ions, OHin aqueous solution

27
Q

Alkalinity

A

The capacity of a substance to neutralise an acid

28
Q

Bases

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to neutralise it, e.g. metal oxides, metal
hydroxides and metal carbonates

29
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

A negatively charged ion with the chemical formula OH-
, found in alkaline
solutions

30
Q

Acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+
) in aqueous solutions and has a
pH of less than 7

31
Q

Acidity

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+

) in a substance

32
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

A positively charged ion with the chemical formula H+
, found in acidic
solutions

33
Q

Salts

A

A compound formed by the neutralisation of an acid by a base. Formed when
the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal or ammonium
ions

34
Q

Formation of salts

A

Made by reacting suitable metal and an acid, The metal must be above
hydrogen in the reactivity series. The reaction produces hydrogen gas and a
salt

35
Q

Weak acids

A

Acids that do not ionise completely in aqueous solutions

36
Q

Strong acids

A

These acids completely ionise in aqueous solution

37
Q

pH

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance on a scale of 0 to 14.
Values less than 7 indicates acidic. Values above 7 indicate alkaline. Value of
7 indicates a neutral solution

38
Q

ph scale

A

A scale from 0 to 14 that is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a
substance. As pH decreases by one unit, the hydrogen ion concentration of
the solution increases by a factor of 10

39
Q

Universal indicator

A

A mixture of dyes that changes color gradually over a range of pH, used to
test for acids and alkalis

40
Q

Litmus paper

A

Indicator paper used to test pH. Red paper turns blue in alkaline solutions and
blue paper turns red in acidic solutions. It is bleached white in the presence
of chlorine

Chemistry (6 decks)

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