C4.1 Flashcards
What do the group 1 metals react with water to form
The group 1 metals react with water to form alkaline solutions.
As you go down group 1 what happens
Their density increasing however potassium doesn’t follow this trend because it’s less dense than lithium
What happens to the melting point as you go down the group
As you go down the group their melting point increases
What do alkali metals react with water to form (chemical equation)
They produce a metal hydroxide + hydrogen
How do the reactions with water change as you go down the group
Lithium fizzes steadily and slowly disappears
Sodium melts to form a silvery ball, fizzes vigorously and quickly disappears
Potassium ignites and quickly disappears
Why does the reactivity of group 1 metals increase down the group
Because they lose their outer shell electrons easier:
The outer shell electron is further away from the nucleus meaning there is less attraction between the nucleus and electro
Therefore electrons further away are lost more easily. Making them more reactive.
What do the group 7 elements exist as
They exist as diatomic molecules with weak intermolecular forces
What do the group 7 elements look like
They are coloured or form coloured compounds
What happens as you go down group 7
Density increases
Melting points and boiling points increase
What are the colours of the group 7 elements
Fluorine - pale yellow
Chlorine - green gas
Bromine - orange/brown liquid
Iodine - shiny/grey black crystalline
What do halogens react with metals to produce
They react with metals to produce salts. They react vigorously with them especially if the metal is heated first.
How does the reactivity change down the group
The reactivity decreases as you go down the group as the halogens with more electron shells find it more difficult to attract electrons to complete their outer shell.
What is a halide
A compound containing a group 7 element and one other element
What is a halogen displacement reaction
Where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reaction halide in a solution.
What happens when chlorine reacts with sodium bromide
It forms sodium chloride + bromine. The solution also becomes orange-brown as bromine has been displaced.
What can each halogen displace
Chlorine displaces - bromine from bromides and iodine from iodides
Bromine displaces iodine from iodides
Iodine can’t displace either
What colour does the solution become in a reaction
The solution becomes the colour of the displaced halogen
What happens to one substance in a halogen displacement reaction
One substance is reduced and one substance is oxidised
What are the elements in Group 0 called
They are called the noble gases
Why are the elements in Group 0 unreactive
The elements in Group 0 are un reactive as they have a complete outer shell.
What do the noble gases exist as
The noble gases are monotomic, they exist as single forces of attraction between them.
Do the noble gases have high or low boiling points
The noble gases have low boiling points as the forces are easily overcome.
What happens as you go down group 0
The attractive forces between atoms gets stronger and the boiling point increases
What happens to the density as you go down group 0
The density increases.
Where are the transition metals in the periodic table
They are found between group 2 and 5 in the periodic tabke.
What are the physical properties of transition metals
Shiny when freshly cut
Strong
Malleable
good conductors of electricity
What are the properties of transition metals compared to alkali metals
Are stronger and harder
Have higher melting points
Have higher densities
What are the transition metals useful for
The transition metals are useful for making everyday objects for example copper is used in wires.
Are the transition metals more or less reactive than the alkali metals
The transition metals are less reactive than the alkali metals and they react slowly if at all.
What are the properties of the ionic compounds transition metals produce
They produce coloured compounds
What are transition metals good at
They are good catalysts as they speed up the rate of reaction without being used up.
What can transition metals produce more than one of
They can produce more than one type of ion.
What determines the reactivity of a metal
The more easily it looses electrons to form positive ions.
What can be used to sort the metals into their reactivity
Their reactions with water or with dilute HCl
What can a more reactive metal do to a less reactive one
A more reactive material can displace a less reactive metal from solutions of its compounds.
What are displacement reactions an example of
A redox reaction
What are the patterns of reactivity
Elements in group 0 don’t react
Reactive non metals form covalent compounds with each other
Metals may from ionic compounds with reactive non metals
Metals in group 1 and 2 are more reactive than transition metals and other metals
Metals in group 1&2 become more reactive down the group
Non-metals in group 7 become less reactive down the group
