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OCR gcse ChEMisTry > C2.2 > Flashcards

C2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of ions do metals form

A

Metals lose electrons to form positive ions

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2
Q

What type of ions do non-metals form

A

Metals gain electrons to form negative ions

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3
Q

What PH solution do metals and non metals form when their oxides are dissolved in water

A

Non metals - acidic solutions
Metals - alkaline solutions

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4
Q

Physical properties of metals

A

Shiny, high melting and boiling point, solid, malleable, ductile (can be pulled into wires) and are good conductors

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5
Q

Physical properties of non metals

A

Dull, low melting and boiling points, 1/2 solid and 1/2 gas, brittle, no-ductile, insulators

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6
Q

What is a horizontal row in the periodic table called

A

A period

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7
Q

What is a vertical column in the periodic table

A

A group

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8
Q

What does the group number mean

A

It is the number of electrons that are in the outer shell.

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9
Q

What does the period number mean

A

The number of electron shells that the element has

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10
Q

An atom will always follow the easiest path to become an ion

A

For example sodium loses an electron

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11
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with a non metal

A

When a metal reacts with a non metal electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal so both achieve a more stable electronic structure.

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12
Q

What can you model an ionic compound with

A

A dot and cross diagram, where the dots and crosses represent electrons.

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13
Q

What must you do to the charges

A

Balance the charges so that they are equal

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14
Q

Properties of an ionic structure

A

High melting point as there are lots of strong ionic bonds
Brittle as the layers slide over each other when a force is applied -> some charges come close together -> electrostatic repulsion -> shattering
Not conductive in a solid.
Conductive in liquid as positive ions and negative ions are free to move so can complete a circuit.
Soluble in polar solvents.

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15
Q

What is the bond in an ionic compound

A

The bond in an ionic compound is between the positively charged metal ion and the negatively charged non metal ion

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16
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two non metal atoms. By sharing electrons they complete their outer shells.

17
Q

what is a simple molecule

A

A molecule that only contains a few atoms. They can be modelled using a dot and cross diagram

18
Q

What is the electrostatic force of attraction in a covalent bond

A

they are between the positively charged nucleus of the atoms and the shared electrons

19
Q

Why do simple molecules have a low boiling and melting point

A

They have a low boiling and melting point as the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak.

20
Q

What is a giant covalent substance

A

A giant covalent substance consists of lots of non-metal atoms covalently bonded and in a repeating pattern called a giant lattice/giant covalent lattice.

21
Q

What is the chemical formula for giant covalent structures written as

A

The chemical formula is written empirically

22
Q

Diamond

A

Properties -
hard as it has many strong covalent bonds a high melting point and a high boiling point
Unreactive
transmits light
Bonding - each carbon atoms is bonded to 4 other carbon atoms (each atom is stable and un reactive)
No intermolecular forces only covalent bonds

23
Q

Graphite

A

Properties:
brittle
soft
conducts electricity as there are delocalised electrons
good conductor of heat
lubricant as layers of graphite can slide over each other
Bonding:
Weak intermolecular forces between layers
Each carbon atom bonded to 3 carbons
Each carbon has one double bond an a single bond

24
Q

Silicon dioxide

A

Properties:
Transparent
Brittle
Bonding:
Each silicon atom is bonded to 4 oxygens and each oxygen to 2 silicons
Formula SiO2

25
Q

What are polymers made from

A

Polymers are made from many smaller molecules called monomers. They are able to join end to end in chemical reactions producing longer polymer molecules.

26
Q

What are monomers

A

Monomers are simple molecules consisting of a few non-metals joined together by covalent bonds

27
Q

Properties of polymers

A

Can’t conduct electricity
Lots of covalent bonds
Longer polymers have high melting/boiling pints as the longer they get the stronger intermolecular forces are

28
Q

A property of metals (melting and boiling points)

A

All metals (apart from mercury) are solid at room temperature. Their atoms are packed together in a regular way forming a giant metallic lattice.

29
Q

Structure of metals

A

Positive metallic ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

30
Q

What is the electrostatic forces of attraction in a metal

A

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the delocalised electrons and positively charged metal ions

31
Q

Properties of metaks

A

Malleable - as the layers of metal ions can slide over each other and the sea of delocalised electrons is free to move meaning that when the do bonds aren’t broken
Conducts electricity - it has free to move delocalised electrons
High melting point - lots of strong metallic bonds
Ductile

32
Q

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table

A

Mendeleev organised the elements by increasing atomic mass.
If an element shared properties with a group of elements it was rearranged so they were together
He left gaps where no known elements fitted with the chemical properties of the group.

33
Q

what does group 8 consist of

A

Unreactive gases

34
Q

What is the pattern of chemical properties in the periodic table

A

Elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number
Electronic structure is determined by the number of electrons
Electronic structure determines its chemical structure

OCR gcse ChEMisTry (16 decks)

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