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OCR gcse ChEMisTry > C3.3 > Flashcards

C3.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is oxidation

A

Oxidation is loss of electrons.

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2
Q

What is reduction

A

Reduction is the gain of electrons.

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3
Q

Different oxidation definition

A

Oxidation is when a substance gains oxygen

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4
Q

Different reduction definition

A

Reduction is when a substance loses oxygen

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5
Q

What is the oxidising agent

A

The substance that gets reduced is the oxidising agent.

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6
Q

What is the reducing agent

A

The substance that gets oxidised is the reducing agent.

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7
Q

What is an acid

A

An acid is a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water to make an aqueous solution.
HCl -> H+ + Cl-

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8
Q

What is a base

A

A base is a substance that can neutralise acids. If a base can dissolve inn water it is an alkali. Alkali’s release OH- ions in the water.
NaOH -> Na+ + OH-

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9
Q

What does the PH scale describe

A

The PH scale describes the relative acidity or alkalinity.
PH < 7 = acidic
PH = 7 = neutral
PH > 7 = alkaline

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10
Q

What is the PH of a strong acid and alkali

A

Strong acid PH-0, strong acid PH-14

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11
Q

What is neutralisation

A

Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base, or an alkali to form salt and water only. The salt depends upon the acid or base used.

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12
Q

General equation of neutralisation

A

acid + base –> salt + water

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13
Q

Characteristics of a neutralisation reaction

A

In a neutralisation reaction the PH becomes 7, but may become more acidic or alkali depending on how much of each product is added.

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14
Q

How to name the salt produced

A

First part comes from the metal in the base or alkali exception is when ammonia or ammonium carbonate is used resulting in ammonium.
Second part of the name comes from the acid.

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15
Q

Acid used for type of salt made

A

HCl - chloride
Nitric acid - nitrate
Sulphuric acid - sulphate
Phosphoric acid - Phosphate

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16
Q

Ionic equation for neutralisation

A

The H+ and OH- ions react to create water. H+ + OH- -> H2O

17
Q

What does the salt produce depends on

A

The salt produced depends on the other ions present e.g. Na+ and OH-

18
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with water

A

A metal hydroxide and hydrogen form

19
Q

What are carbonates

A

Carbonates are ionic compounds that contain CO3 2-. Carbonates react with acids to form a salt, plus water + CO2.

20
Q

General formula for carbonates + acid

A

acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

21
Q

General formula for metal + acid

A

acids + metal -> salt + hydrogen

22
Q

What is a dilute acid

A

A dilute acid contains a low ratio of acid to volume of solution.

23
Q

What is a concentrated acid

A

A concentrated acid contains a high ratio of acid to volume of solution.

24
Q

What is a weak acids

A

A weak acid is partially ionised (only a small fraction of their molecules release H+ ions)

25
Q

What is a strong acid

A

A fully ionised (all their molecules release H+ ions).

26
Q

What happens when the concentration of H+ ions increases by a factor of 10

A

The solution of the solution increases by 1

27
Q

What does a strong acid have lower than a weak acid at the same concentration

A

higher PH

28
Q

when does an acid have a lower PH

A

When it is concentrated

29
Q

What does a PH titration curve show

A

It shows the effect of the PH of changing the H+ ion concentration during a neutralisation reaction.

OCR gcse ChEMisTry (16 decks)

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