C4 - The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is the plum pudding model?

Answer 1

There is a positively charged ‘pudding’ with negative electrons inside

Question 2

How was the plum pudding model proved wrong?

Answer 2

They used a thin piece of gold and fired particles through it and most went through but some deflected backwards showing a positive nucleus

Question 3

What is Bohr’s model?

Answer 3

There is a nucleus with fixed orbit shells with electrons on these

Question 4

What is the nucleus?

Answer 4

• Contains protons and neutrons

- It has a positive charge

Question 5

What are the electrons?

Answer 5

• Negatively charges
• Move around on the shells
• They have virtually no mass

Question 6

What is the mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 6

Mass Charge
Proton. 1. 1
Neutron. 1. 0
Electron. 0.0005. -1

Question 7

What is the mass number?

Answer 7

Total number of protons and neutrons (big number)

Question 8

What is the atomic number?

Answer 8

Number of protons (small number)

Question 9

What are isotopes?

Answer 9

They are the same except from have extra neutrons

Same atomic number but different mass number

Question 10

What did Döbereiner make the periodic table look like?

Answer 10

He ordered them in relative atomic mass

Question 11

What did Newland make the periodic table look like?

Answer 11

He put it in similar properties such as metals non metals…

Question 12

What did Dmitri Mendeleev’s periodic table look like?

Answer 12

He put them in order of atomic mass and similar properties but left gaps for predicted elements

Question 13

What do the periods in the periodic table represent?

Answer 13

The number of shells

Question 14

What do the groups of the periodic table represent?

Answer 14

This shows the number of electrons on the outer shell

Question 15

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 15

This is where a metal and a non metal transfers electrons

Question 16

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 16

When two non metals share electrons

Question 17

What happens as you go down group 1 metals?

Answer 17

They get more reactive as the outer electron is more easily lost

Question 18

What are group 1 metals?

Answer 18

Alkali metals

Question 19

What is oxidation and reduction?

Answer 19

O xidation
I s
L oss

R eduction
I s
G ain

Question 20

What happens when group 1 metals react with water?

Answer 20

Hydrogen gas is produces meaning it fizzes, moves very fast, bubbles and sometimes ignites

Question 21

What flame is produced with lithium, sodium and potassium?

Answer 21

Lithium = red flame
Sodium = yellow/orange flame
Potassium = lilac flame

Question 22

What are group 7 metals?

Answer 22

Halogens

Question 23

What happens as you go down the group 7 metals?

Answer 23

As you go down they get less reactive because it’s harder to gain an electron

Question 24

What happens when halogens are reacted?

Answer 24

They form salts

Question 25

What happens with more and less reactive halogens?

Answer 25

The more reactive ones will displace the less reactive ones

Question 26

What are some of the useful properties of metals?

Answer 26

They have a crystal structure: - High mp and bp - Strong - Good conductors

Question 27

What are super conductors?

Answer 27

Metals at very low temperatures so they loose there resistance

Question 28

What are super conductors used for?

Answer 28

- Power cables - Electromagnets - Electronic circuits

Question 29

What are transition metals?

Answer 29

Similar to normal metals but make good catalysts

Question 30

Give examples of transition metals which are catalysts.

Answer 30

Iron (harber process) Nickel (margarine)

Question 31

What is thermal decomposition?

Answer 31

This is the breaking down with heat

Question 32

What is an example of thermal decomposition using copper(II) carbonate?

Answer 32

Copper(II) carbonate > copper oxide + carbon dioxide CuCO(3) > CuO + CO(2)

Question 33

What is a precipitation reaction?

Answer 33

This is when two solutions react and form an insoluble solid in the solution

Question 34

What is the precipitation reaction between copper(II) sulfate + sodium hydroxide?

Answer 34

Copper(II) sulfate + sodium hydroxide > copper(II) hydroxide + Sodium sulfate

Question 35

What colours are made with transition metals?

Answer 35

Copper(II) hydroxide = blue Iron(II) hydroxide = grey/green Iron(III) hydroxide = orange/brown

Question 36

How do we get our water?

Answer 36

- Surface water | - Groundwater

Question 37

What are the four steps in water purification?

Answer 37

- Mesh - Sand filtration (removes the large materials in it) - Sedimentation (makes fine particles clump together when iron sulphate is added) - Chlorination (kills microbes)

Question 38

What impurities are in tap water?

Answer 38

- Nitrate residue - Lead compounds - Pesticide residue

Question 39

What can you test water for?

Answer 39

Dissolved ions

Question 40

How do you test for sulfate ions?

Answer 40

Use barium chloride

Question 41

How do you test for sulfate ions using barium chloride?

Answer 41

1) Add hydrochloric acid to the test sample 2) Add ten drops of barium chloride solution 3) If there is a white precipitate then its present

Question 42

How do you test for halide ions?

Answer 42

Use silver nitrates

Question 43

How do you test for halide ions using silver nitrate?

Answer 43

1) Add some dilute nitric acid to the test sample 2) Add 10 drops of silver nitrate solution 3) If halide ions are present a precipitate will be formed

Question 44

What do different coloured precipitates show when testing for halide ions?

Answer 44

- Chloride ions = white precipitate - Bromide ions = cream precipitate - Iodide ions = pale yellow precipitate