C.4 The Arms Race, NATO and the Warsaw Pact

Question 1

NATO

Answer 1

• April 194, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) formed with 12 countries
• 1950, firmer agreements made between USA and each member
• 1952, Greece and Turkey join
• 1954, SEATO formed (South East Asia Treaty Organisation)
• 1955, West Germany becomes member of NATO
• 1959, CENTO formed (Central Treaty Organisation)

Question 2

Warsaw Pact

Answer 2

• 14th May 1955, signed between USSR and its Eastern European partners
• kept those areas under soviet control
• established countries that support the soviet union
• soviet soldiers would be based in those countries–can carry out orders from Moscow and put pressure on government.

Question 3

US and the Arms Race

Answer 3

• 16th July 1945, first test firing of an atomic bomb
• US nuclear monopoly lasted 1945-49
• 1st November 1952, hydrogen bomb tested
• 1st March 1954, lithium bomb tested
• 1955, first bombers (B52 Stratofotress) with intercontinental range
• attempts at a satellite failed
• CIA warned Eisenhower of a missile gap
• U-2 spy planes confirmed USSR had less weapons than they claimed
• July 1960, first submarine developed, launched ballistic mission

Question 4

USSR and the Arms Race

Answer 4

• 29th August 1949, tests atomic bomb
• nine months after USA hydrogen bomb, USSR test own super bomb which uses lithium
• 1956, in reation to B-52s, TU20 Bear developed
• nazi scientists that had been captured were put to work on the soviet rocket programme
• 1957, launch first rocket which can carry a thermo-nuclear bomb (ICBM)
• 5th October 1957, sputnik launched
• November 1957, Sputnik 2 launched with Laika
• ICBMs weren’t suitable for use, by 1960, USSR only had 4 functional ones