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GCSE Chemistry > C4 Knowledge organiser > Flashcards

C4 Knowledge organiser Flashcards

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1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest possible piece of an element. Has a radius of 0.1nm

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2
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle which can be positive or negative

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3
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged particle found in energy levels around the nucleus. Has a relative mass of 0

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4
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

Occurs between a metal and non-metal element where the metal atom lodes electrons to a non-metal atom to form ions

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5
Q

Chemical Formula

A

Tells you which atoms and how many of them are present

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6
Q

Oxidation

A

A reaction where oxygen is added

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7
Q

Reduction

A

A reaction where oxygen is removed

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8
Q

Reactivity series

A

A table of elements in order of reactivity

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9
Q

Displacement

A

where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound

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10
Q

Ore

A

An ore is a rock that contains enough of a metal compound in it to be worth extracting

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11
Q

Native metal

A

an unreactive metal that is found on its own in the ground

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12
Q

How can metals be placed in order of their reactivity

A

Add the metals to water or acid and see which ones react the most vigorously

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13
Q

Why is Platinum found in the Earth’s crust as the metal itself

A

It is unreactive

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14
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their ore

A

Reduction with carbon

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15
Q

Define oxidation in terms of electrons

A

Oxidation is the loss of electrons

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16
Q

Define reduction in terms of electrons

A

Reduction is the gain of electrons

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17
Q

State 3 common acids and give their formulae

A

HCL hydrochloric
Sulphuric h2so4
Nitric HNO3

18
Q

Define an acid in terms of ions

A

An acid releases H+ ions in solution

19
Q

How do you measure pH

A

With an indicator or a pH meter

20
Q

what is a base

A

A metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate that will react with an acid

21
Q

Acids

A

A substance that has a pH less than 7

22
Q

Alkalis

A

A soluble base that has a pH higher than 7

23
Q

Neutral solution

A

A solution that has a pH of exactly 7

24
Q

A salt

A

A salt is a compound where the hydrogen from an acid has been replaced with a metal

25
Q

Neutralization

A

The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt plus water

26
Q

Electrolysis

A

A separation technique in which a compound is split into its elements using electricity

27
Q

Anode

A

The positive electrode, made from carbon

28
Q

Cathode

A

The negative electrode, made from carbon

29
Q

Electrolyte

A

The substance that is getting split by electricity. Has to be either molten or an aqueous solution

30
Q

Cryolite

A

A substance added to a aluminium oxide to lower its melting point

31
Q

Cation

A

A positive ion that is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis

32
Q

Anion

A

A negative ion that is attracted to the anode in electrolysis

33
Q

Which ions are always present in a solution of an alkali

A

Hydroxide ions OH-

34
Q

What types of salts are formed by the main 3 acids

A 
HYdrochloric = Chlorides
Sulphuric = Sulphates 
Nitric = Nitrates
35
Q

Which ions always react in a neutralisation reaction

A

H+ and OH-

36
Q

How does pH depend on the concentration of H+ in a solution

A

As the concentration of H+ increases by a factor of ten, the pH decreases by one

37
Q

What are the main disadvantages of using electrolysis to extract metals

A

Required a large amount of energy to melt the compounds and to produce electricity

38
Q

Why is aluminium oxide mixed with cryolite

A

To lower the melting point

39
Q

In the electrolysis of an ionic solution, when will oxygen be produces

A

If the metal is not a halogen

40
Q

What happens to water molecules in the electrolysis of solutions

A

They break up into hydrogen and hydroxide ions

GCSE Chemistry (16 decks)

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