C2

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

Smallest possible piece on an element. Has a radius of 0.1nm

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus. Has a relative mass of 1

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

A neutral particle found in the nucleus has a relative mass of 1

Question 4

Electron

Answer 4

A negatively charged particle found in energy levels (shells) around the nucleus. Has a relative mass of 1/2000

Question 5

Ionic Bond

Answer 5

Occurs between a metal and non metal element, where the metal atom loses electrons to a non metal atom to form ions

Question 6

Electrostatic force of attraction

Answer 6

An attraction that occurs between positive and negative changes

Question 7

Giant ionic lattice

Answer 7

Made up of billions of oppositely charged ions that are held together by strong forces of attraction

Question 8

Molten

Answer 8

heating a solid and turning it into a liquid

Question 9

Covalent bonding

Answer 9

Occurs between two or more non-metal atoms where electrons are shared

Question 10

Giant Covalent substance

Answer 10

Billions of atoms all joined up together by covalent bonds

Question 11

Intermolecular force

Answer 11

Weak attractive forces between molecules. When a simple molecular substance melts or boils. It is the intermolecular forces that are broken (not the covalent bonds in each molecule)

Question 12

Polymer

Answer 12

Millions of small molecules joined together in a chain to form a large molecule

Question 13

Graphene

Answer 13

One layer of graphite

Question 14

Fullerene

Answer 14

A substance made of carbon atoms arranged in a cage

Question 15

Nanotube

Answer 15

Cylindrical fullerenes that are used in electronics, nanotechnology and materials

Question 16

Metallic bond

Answer 16

An electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions and delocalized electrons

Question 17

Malleable

Answer 17

Can be bent or shaped without breaking

Question 18

If an atom gains an electron what does it become

Answer 18

A negative ion (Anion)

Question 19

If an atom loses an atom what does it become

Answer 19

A positive ion (Cation)

Question 20

What is the charge on elements from group 1 and 2

Answer 20

Group 1:+1

Group2:+2

Question 21

What is the charge on elements from group 6 and 7

Answer 21

Group 6: -2

group 7: -1

Question 22

Explain why ionic compounds have high melting points

Answer 22

Giant ionic lattice held by strong electrostatic force of attractions between the positive and negative ions

Question 23

Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid

Answer 23

The ions are not free to move and carry charge

Question 24

How many electrons are in 1 and 2 covalent bonds

Answer 24

1 Covalent bond = 1 pair of electrons

2 Covalent bond = 2 pair of electrons

Question 25

Explain why diamond and silicon dioxide have high melting points

Answer 25

They are both giant covalent structures which contain a lot of covalent bonds between the atoms

Question 26

Why is diamond and silicon dioxide hard

Answer 26

Strong covalent bonds between the atoms

Question 27

What type of substance is water and methane?

Answer 27

Simple molecules

Question 28

Explain why small molecules have a low melting point

Answer 28

The intermolecular forces are easy to break

Question 29

Explain why most Covalent substances do not conduct electricity

Answer 29

No electrons that carry charge or are free moving

Question 30

Explain why metals have high melting and boiling points

Answer 30

Strong electrostatic attractions between the positive metal ions and delocalized electrons. Lots of thermal energy is needed to break them

Question 31

Explain why metals are good conductors of both heat and electricity

Answer 31

Delocalized electrons can carry charge