C4: Atrial Size and Function

Question 1

best way to measure LA size

Answer 1

simpsons biplane

Question 2

what effects the size of the LA

Answer 2

MR, MS
LV systolic and diastolic func.
LV press overload (eg HTN or AS)
Atrial arrhythmias
congenital HD
heart transplant

Question 3

what is both a cause and effect of LA dilation

Answer 3

atrial arrhythmias

Question 4

how do we measure LA dimension

Answer 4

Mmode of LA

2D: PLAX

Question 5

how do we measure LA volume

Answer 5

area length method

simpsons

Question 6

is volume or area more accurate

Answer 6

volume, in a norm size patient…. if obese it will be less accurate b/c LA is indexed to BSA

Question 7

norm for LA dimension PLAX

Answer 7

W: <38 mm
M: <40 mm

measure at AO root level

Question 8

in both methods, the length in A2CH and A4CH shouldnt differ by more than what value

Answer 8

5 mm

Question 9

norm LA volume index

severe dilation

Answer 9

N: = 34 ml/m^2

SD: >/= 48 ml/m^2

Question 10

value for severe dilation for LA dimension (PLAX)

Answer 10

M: > 52 mm
W: >47 mm

Question 11

causes of RA enlargement

Answer 11

LT CHF
systolic or DD
anything that increases Rt heart pressure or volume
TV and PV disease
COPD or primary pulmonary HTN
CAD of the RT heart
athletes heart syndrome (more regurg in Rt heart valves, enlarged IVC)
shunts and other congenital diseases

Question 12

norm length/major axis of RA

when would you measure it

Answer 12

<53 mm, only if minor axis is too large

In A4CH

Question 13

norm RA width/minor axis

Answer 13

<44 mm

in A4CH

Question 14

norm RA area

Answer 14

< 18 cm^2

Question 15

norm RA volume index for M and W

how do we trace it?

Answer 15

M: < 32 ml/m^2
W: < 27 ml/m^2

trace in A4CH

Question 16

are there any severely abnormal measurements for the RA?

Answer 16

no