C4

Question 1

Which scientist proposed the theory that all atoms of the same elements were the same?

Answer 1

John Dalton in the 1800s

Question 2

Which scientist discovered the electron?

Answer 2

J.J Thompson in the 1890s

Question 3

Which scientist discovered that the atom had a dense area called the nucleus?

Answer 3

Ernest Rutherford in 1911

Question 4

Which scientist predicted that electrons occupy orbitals?

Answer 4

Niels Bohr in 1913

Question 5

What is in the centre of an atom and what is it surrounded by?

Answer 5

The nucleus and it’s surrounded by negatively charged electrons

Question 6

What is the nucleus made up of?

Answer 6

Protons and neutrons

Question 7

What charge does the the nucleus have?

Answer 7

It is positively charged but the atom has no overall charge

Question 8

Why does the atom have no overall charge?

Answer 8

It has the same number of positive protons and negative electrons. So the charges cancel eachother out.

Question 9

What is an element?

Answer 9

One type of atom. Elements can’t be chemically broken down. There are just over 100 naturally occurring elements.

Question 10

What is a compound?

Answer 10

A compound is a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

Question 11

What is the mass number and what makes it up?

Answer 11

The mass number is the top number (above the element symbol) and it is made up of the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 12

What is the atomic number and what makes it up?

Answer 12

The atomic number is the bottom number (below the element symbol) and is made up of the number of protons in an atom

Question 13

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?

Answer 13

In increasing atomic number

Question 14

How is the group number worked out?

Answer 14

The same as the number of the electrons in the outer shell of an elements atom.

Question 15

How can the period number be worked out?

Answer 15

The same as the number of occupied shells

Question 16

What are isotopes

Answer 16

Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number

Question 17

What is electron configuration?

Answer 17

How the electrons are arranged around the nucleus in shells (energy levels)

Question 18

How many electrons can the first second and third shell hold?

Answer 18

The first shell = 2
The second shell = 8
The third shell = 8

Question 19

What is an ion?

Answer 19

A charged atom or group of atoms

Question 20

What is a positive ion?

Answer 20

When an atom or a group of atoms lose 1 or more electrons

Question 21

What happens to the non-metal atom during ionic bonding?

Answer 21

It gains electrons to fill its outer shell and become a negative ion

Question 22

What happened to the metal atom during ionic bonding?

Answer 22

It loses all outer shell electrons to become a positive ion

Question 23

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 23

When the positive and negative ions are attracted to eachother

Question 24

What are ionic lattices?

Answer 24

When positive and negative ions are strongly attracted to eachother

Question 25

Name 2 compounds that form giant ionic lattices?

Answer 25

Sodium chloride and Magnesium oxide

Question 26

Why do ionic lattices have high melting points?

Answer 26

There is a strong attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 27

How comes ionic lattices can conduct electricity in molten or in solution?

Answer 27

The charged ions are free to move about

Question 28

How comes ionic lattices can’t conduct electricity when solid?

Answer 28

The ions are held in place and cannot move

Question 29

Does Magnesium oxide or Sodium chloride have a higher melting point?

Answer 29

Magnesium oxide as the ionic bonds are stronger and need more energy to be broken

Question 30

What happens when a metal and non-metal combine?

Answer 30

Electrons are transferred from one atom to the other forming ions. Each ion will have a complete outer shell (a stable octet)