C4 Flashcards
What group are alkali metals in
group 1
What are the 3 main properities of alkali metals
- soft
- low densisty
- low melting points
How reactive are alkali metals
Very highly reactive
Which group one metals are most reactive
Metals further down the group
What happens to the properites of alkali metals as you go down the group
- melting point lowers
- boiling point lowers
Why are alkali metals so reactive?
- Because they only have one electron to lose to become stable
- 1 easier to lose than 3
Why are alkali metals more reactive futher down the group?
Because the 1 electron that has to be lost is further away from the atoms neucleous meaning yhat the electrostatic force of attraction is weaker as the period no. increaces making it more reacitve
What type of bond do group 1 atoms mostly create
ionic bonds with non metals
What are the common properties of ionic compounds using group 1 atoms
they are usually:
- white solids
- dissolve in water
- form colourless solutions
What happens to alkali metals when they react with water
- A rigorous reaction occours
(often sparks occour) - often the hydrogen gass is released it can ignite from the large amounts of energy
What are the products of alkali metals reacting with water
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gass
What is produced when group 1 atoms react with chlorine gass
Chloride salts are produced
What are the properties of Chloride salts
made from group one metals
They are white
What is the product of group one metals reacting with oxygen?
Metal oxides
What can oxygen and lithium produce when reacted
Li2O
What products can sodium and oxygen produce
sodium oxide, Na2O or sodium peroxide, Na2O2
What products can potassium and oxygen produce
potassium peroxide, K2O2, or potassium superoxide, KO2.
What is the name for when two of the same atoms bond togeher in gasses
Diatomic
Are hallogens diatomic
Yes
What type of bonds are diatmoic bonds in hallogens
Covalent bonds
What are the trends in hallogens as you go down the group
- Melting and boiling point increace
- reactivity decreaces
What are hallogen ions called
Halides
What type of ions are halides
anions
negitve
What are the names of the main halides
- floride
- chloride
- bromide
- iodide
What do hallogens mostly react with
group one ions
What are displacement reactions
When a more reactive ion displaces a less reactive ion in an equation
What is the displacement rule in halogens
More reactive hallogens will always displace less reactive hallogens
What are the properites of nobles gasses
- They are all clourless gasses
- they are all inert
- exist as single atoms
- are not flammable
- boiling point increaces down the group
What colour is bromine water
organge
What colour is chlorine water
yellow/ white
What colour is iodine water
brown
What colour are halide salts
white (solid)
colourless (dissolved)
What colour is floride gas
yellow
What colour is chlorine gas
green
What colour and state is bromine at room temp
A red-brown volatile liquid
What colour and state is iodine at room temp
Iodine is a grey coloured solid with purple vapours.
in a flame test what colour deos lituim change to
red
in a flame test what colour does sodium change to
Yellow
in a flame test what colour does potassium change to
lilac
in a flame test what colour does calcium change to
orange/red
in a flame test what colour deos copper change to
green
What is the order of the reactivity
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Gold
General word equation reaction between a metal and an acid
Metal + acid ➔ salt + hydrogen
