C3.3: Types Of Chemical Reactions Flashcards
What is a redox reaction?
A reaction where oxidation and reduction occurs at the same time
What is oxidation?
Gain of oxygen
Loss of electrons
What is reduction?
Loss of oxygen
Gain of electrons
What is a reducing agent?
A substance that gains electrons by the end of the reaction
What is an oxidising agent?
A substance that loses/donates electrons by the end of the reaction
What is an acid?
A substance that forms acidic solutions in water
Releases H+ ions in water to make an aqueous solution
What is an alkali?
Forms alkaline solutions in water
Release OH- ions in water to make an aqueous solution
Hydroxide ions make the solution alkaline
What must pH be in order to define a substance as acidic?
Less than 7
The more closer to 1 it is, the more acidic
What must pH be in order to define a substance as alkaline?
Greater than 7
The more greater to 7 it is, the more alkalinic it is
What must pH be in order to define a substance as neutral?
Must equal 7
How can you use a universal indicator to calculate the pH of a substance?
Dip a clean glass rod into a solution
Transfer 1 drop of solution to a piece of universal indicator on a white tile
Wait 30 seconds for colour to develop, then match te colour onto the chart
How can you use a pH probe to calculate the pH of a substance?
Wash the pH probe with distilled water
Put the end of the probe into the solution
Record the reading on the pH meter
What colour will a pH level of 1 be when you add a universal indicator?
red
What colour will a pH level of 0 be when you add a universal indicator?
Dark red
What colour will a pH level of 2 be when you add a universal indicator?
Light red
What colour will a pH level of 3 be when you add a universal indicator?
Orange
What colour will a pH level of 4 be when you add a universal indicator?
Light orange
What colour will a pH level of 5 be when you add a universal indicator?
Yellow
What colour will a pH level of 6 be when you add a universal indicator?
Light green
What colour will a pH level of 7 be when you add a universal indicator?
Green
What colour will a pH level of 8 be when you add a universal indicator?
Turquoise
What colour will a pH level of 9 be when you add a universal indicator?
Sky blue
What colour will a pH level of 10 be when you add a universal indicator?
Light blue
What colour will a pH level of 11 be when you add a universal indicator?
Pastel blue
What colour will a pH level of 12 be when you add a universal indicator?
Darker pastel blue
What colour will a pH level of 13 be when you add a universal indicator?
Blue
What colour will a pH level of 14 be when you add a universal indicator?
Navy blue
What is neutralisation?
The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water only
What is the word equation for neutralisation?
Acid + base —> salt + water
What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?
Acid + carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal?
Acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen
When does a solution form?
A solution forms when a solute dissolves into a solvent
The greater amount of solute, the more concentrated
What is a dilute acid?
Low ratio of acid to volume ratio
What is a concentrated acid?
High ratio of acid to volume ratio
What happens when an acid is dissolved into water?
Acid separates into ions
What is a strong acid?
Acid molecules completely break apart into ions
Fully ionised
All molecules release H+ ions
What is a weak acid?
Acid molecules partially break apart into ions
Partially ionised
Only a small fraction of molecules release H+ ions
How will the pH be if there is a higher concentration of H+ ions in an acidic solution?
Lower the pH
How will the pH be if there is a higher concentration of OH- ions in an alkalinic solution?
Higher the pH
