C2.2: Bonding Flashcards
What are the physical properties of metals?
- shiny
- usually high mp and bp
- solid at room temp
- malleable
- ductile
- good conductors
What does malleable mean?
Bend without shattering
What does ductile mean?
Can be pulled into wires
What are the physical properties of non-metals?
- dull
- usually low mp and bp
- about half are solid a room temp and the other half are gases
- brittle
- non ductile
- poor conductors
What does brittle mean?
Easy to break - fragile
What is the reaction between metals and non metals known as?
Ionic
What is the reaction between a non-metals and non-metal known as?
Covalent
What type of ions and solution does a metal produce?
Forms positively charged ions, produce alkaline solutions
What type of ions and solution does a non-metal produce?
Forms negatively charged ions, produce acidic solution
What is a periodic table?
A table in which all the elements are arranged in rows and columns in order of increasing atomic number
How did the elements in the periodic table USED to be arranged like?
Used to be by increasing mass number
What are horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
Periods
What are the vertical rows on the periodic table called?
Rows
What are the chemical properties of metals?
Lose electrons to form positive ions
Metals do not react with each other
Metal oxide produce alkaline solutions
What are chemical properties of non-metals?
Gain electrons to form negative ions
React with each other to produce compounds that consist of molecules
Non metals oxides produce acidic solutions
What is the electron shell?
Shows how electrons are arranged in elements
What are the max number of electrons in the first shell?
2
What are the max number of electrons in the second shell?
8
What are the max number of electrons in the third shell?
8
What is an ion?
An electrically charged particle formed when an atom, or group of atoms, loses or gains electrons.
What is a simple molecule?
A molecule that only contains a few atoms
How do ionic compounds form?
When a metal transfers electrons to a non metal
What is a giant ionic lattice?
A giant ionic lattice is where every positive ions Non is surrounded by negative ions
What are ionic bonds?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons, they form between two non metal atoms
What are the covalent bonds between?
The nucleus of each bonded atoms and the shared electrons. They are stronger than the intermolecular forces between the molecules.
What does a giant covalent structure consist of?
Very many non metal atoms joined by covalent bonds and arranged in rows regular repeating pattern
Diamond is a form of what?
Carbon.
It exists as a giant covalent structure in which each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms
How would you write the formula for giant covalent structures?
As an empirical formula
What are polymers made of?
Many small molecules called monomers
What are termosoftening polymers?
Polymer chains in tangled web, easy to separate
What is a thermosetting polymer?
Chains joined together by strong covalent bonds cross linking
All metals apart from ( 1 ) are solid at room temperature
(1) mercury
How are the atoms of a metal packed like?
Together
Regular ways
Forms giant metallic lattice
What are delocalised electrons?
Electrons that are free to move through the structure of the metal
What are metallic bonds?
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
How did mendeleev arrange his periodic table?
In order of increasing atomic mass
What did mendeleev not take into account in his periodic table?
The electronic structure - it wasnt discovered
What was discovered in 1894?
Lord Raleigh and William Ramsay discovered argon.
What was discovered in 1895? Why was it difficult to discover?
Helium was discovered - it was hard to discover as it was inert
