C3.1: Introducing Chemical Reactions Flashcards
What is a chemical formula a representative of?
Represents an element or compound
What is usually in each chemical symbol?
One, two, or three letters
Starts with a capital letter, rest letters lowercase
How are the chemical formulas of metals written as?
Empirical formula
Metals exist as giant metallic lattices
What are non metals with 2 atoms joined together called?
Diatomic molecules
Examples of diatomic molecules
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Bromine
How does sulfur exist as?
S8
How does phosphorus exist as?
P4
What are simple covalent compouds?
Non metals joined by covalent bonds
What is the ionic symbol for ammonium?
NH4+
What is the ionic symbol for copper (II)?
Cu2+
What is the ionic symbol for iron (II)?
Fe2+
What is the ionic symbol for lead (II)?
Pb2+
What is the ionic symbol for iron (III)?
Fe3+
What is the ionic symbol for hydroxide?
OH-
What is the ionic symbol for nitrate?
NO3-
What is the ionic symbol for carbonate?
CO3 2-
What is the ionic symbol for sulfate?
SO4 2-
What is the ionic symbol for nitrate ion?
NO3 -
What is conservation of mass?
No atoms created or destroyed in chemical reactions
They just join together in different way than they were before the reaction
Total mass of product = total mass of reactants
What are reactions in a closed system?
No substances can enter or leave
Sealed container
What is neutralisation?
The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt plus water
What happens when an acid and a base react?
Forms water
Remaining products form a salt
What are the products of:
Acid + base
Salt + water
What are the products of:
Acid + metal
Salt + hydrogen gas
What are the products of:
Acid + carbonate
Salt + water + CO2
What are the products of:
Metal + oxygen
Metal oxide
What are the products of:
Hydroxide + acid
Salt + water
What are the products of:
Metal oxide + acid
Salt + water
What does a word equation show?
The names of reactions and products
What does a balanced equation show?
How the atoms are rearranged in a reaction
Relative amounts of each substance involved
What are state symbols?
The physical state of that substance
What is an aqueous solution?
When a substance dissolves in water
What is a half equation?
A model for the change that happens to one reactant in a chemical equation
What is oxidation?
The loss of electrons
Substance becomes positively charged
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons
Substance becomes negatively charged
What is the reactivity series for most reactive to least reactive?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a compound
What does a balanced ionic equation show?
The reacting ions in a chemical reaction
What is the mole?
The unit for amount of substance
Referred to as ‘mol’
What is avogadros constant?
The number of entities in one mol
6.022 x 10^23
What is the formula for calculating mol?
Mass = amount in mol x molar mass
What is a limiting reactant?
A reactant finishes when one of the reactants is all used up
The reactant that is all used up is called the limiting reactant
The reactant that is left over is in excess
The mass of product formed depends on mass of limiting reactant
What is stoichiometry?
The ratio of the amounts of each substance in the balanced equation
