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Chemistry > C3.2 Water > Flashcards

C3.2 Water Flashcards

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0
Q

Why is hard water good?

A

Tastes better
Good for teeth and bones
Reduces heart disease

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1
Q

What ions are in hard water?

A

Ca or Mg

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2
Q

Why can hard water increase cost?

A

More soap is needed for a lather

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3
Q

What is soap?

A

Sodium stearate

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4
Q

What’s the equation for soap and hard water?

A

Sodium stearate + calcium ions = sodium ions + calcium stearate

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5
Q

What kind of reaction is soap and hard water?

A

Precipitation reaction

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6
Q

What is scum?

A

Soap and hard water (calcium stearate)

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7
Q

Chemical formula for stearate?

A

C17H35CO2

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8
Q

Rain water + carbon dioxide (in rocks) = ?

A

Carbonic acid H2CO3

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9
Q

What’s carbonic acid+calcium carbonate (in rocks)?

A

Calcium and hydrogen carbonate

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10
Q

What’s in temporary hard water?

A

Hydrogen carbonate HCO3

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11
Q

Calcium+ hydrogen carbonate with heat= ?

A

Calcium carbonate and water and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What’s scale?

A

When temporary hard water is heated calcium carbonate is made which when heated makes scale

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13
Q

Why does scale make a kettle inefficient?

A

Sticks to the side and coats the heating element so more energy is needed

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14
Q

How can you make hard water soft?

A

Add washing soda Na2CO3
Ion exchange with Na and H ( but Na is salt so is unhealthy)
Distillation

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15
Q

Where has soft water?

A

Leeds
Manchester ( ish)
Wales

16
Q

Where has hard water?

A

Lincoln
London
Bristol
Southampton

17
Q

Explain water treatment?

A 
Reservoir 
Metal bars
Sedimentation tank so soil and sand sink
Aluminium sulphate and line added so dirt clumps together
Sand bed for filter
Chlorine added to kill bacteria
pH checked and stored
18
Q

What do white beads do in a water filter cartridge?

A

Ion exchange resin

19
Q

What do black beads do in a water filter cartridge?

A

It’s charcoal or carbon and it binds to chlorine or small molecules

20
Q

What do silver particles do in a water filter cartridge?

A

Kill microorganisms

21
Q

Give 3 advantages of fluoridation?

A

Helps dental care
Some can’t afford toothpaste
Saves NHS money from dental care

22
Q

3 disadvantages of fluoridation?

A

Can’t decide for others
Linked to learning disabilities
Only a small difference

Chemistry (11 decks)

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